{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T12:29:57Z","timestamp":1769084997604,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Cytologica"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Bronchoscopy is a useful diagnostic tool capable of performing core biopsy, forceps biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and bronchial brushing. This study compares the cellularity of bronchial cytology including pre- and post-biopsy lavage by digital image analysis, aiming to increase diagnostic and tumor yield by optimizing the sequence and combination of bronchial biopsy and cytology. Methods: Alveolar macrophage, bronchial epithelium, and tumor cell cellularity from liquid-based cytology preparations of bronchial brushing and pre-biopsy and post-biopsy bronchoalveolar lavage were annotated on digitized whole-slide images and compared. Secondary analysis on the relationship of tumor cell and non-lesional cell yield was performed. Results: Overall, 118 cytology specimens from 43 patients were retrieved in total. Bronchial epithelium count was higher in pre-biopsy than post-biopsy lavage (p &amp;lt; 0.01) but not for alveolar macrophages nor tumor cell (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Tumor cell count was higher for bronchial brushing cytology samples than lavage (p = 0.018). The alveolar macrophage count was higher in post-biopsy lavage than bronchial brushing (p = 0.033); otherwise, brushing showed consistently higher bronchial epithelium and tumor cell counts. There were 33 false negative (tumor cell absent) specimens, and the combination of bronchial brushing and pre-biopsy lavage yielded the lowest false negative cases. Correlation between bronchial epithelium and alveolar macrophage counts with tumor cell count was weak (correlation coefficient = \u22120.168\u20130.203) except for post-biopsy lavage (correlation coefficient = 0.412\u20130.479, p &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Bronchial brushing yields a greater amount of tumor cell than lavage, and timing lavage before or after core biopsy does not affect tumor cell yield. Combining bronchial brushing and pre-biopsy lavage results in the lowest false negative rate. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000539567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T11:45:37Z","timestamp":1717674337000},"page":"368-373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Digital Image Comparison of Cellular Yield in Bronchial Brushing: Pre- and Post-Biopsy Lavage Cytology"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Joshua Jing Xi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna Ka Man","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte Ho Ying","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce Ka Ching","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel Lai Ping","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing Ho","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny Chun Li","family":"Ngai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ka Pang","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1579-2129(06)60143-2"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.02.12"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00128594-200210000-00002"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.1.394"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.01001.x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14368"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0954-6111(96)90131-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.190448"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2009.01617.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2023.152132"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2023.152191"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5524"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta19220"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2019-0435-OA"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-018-9554-3"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00825-7"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000515605"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5151.164995"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2018.01.005"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.3.642"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03072.x"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22090"}],"container-title":["Acta Cytologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/acy\/article-pdf\/68\/4\/368\/4280616\/000539567.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/acy\/article-pdf\/68\/4\/368\/4280616\/000539567.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:23:37Z","timestamp":1745421817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000539567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000539567","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5547","1938-2650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5547","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]}}}