{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:08:23Z","timestamp":1784333303240,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Caries Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrate and nitrite on the pH-lowering activity of human plaque, the nitrite-producing and -degrading activities of human plaque, and their correlation. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Nitrate and nitrite were added to human plaque suspensions collected from the buccal aspect of maxillary molars of patients visiting a general dental clinic, and changes in pH were measured with and without glucose addition. Nitrite-producing and -degrading activities were evaluated by adding nitrate and nitrite to the plaque suspension and measuring the increase and decrease in nitrite with Griess reagent, respectively. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The addition of nitrate inhibited both endogenous and glucose-induced plaque pH-lowering. The addition of glucose enhanced the production of nitrite from nitrate by about 3.3-fold. The addition of nitrite also inhibited endogenous plaque pH-lowering, but the addition of glucose promoted nitrite degradation by only about 1.1-fold. Nitrite-producing activity was positively correlated with age, but not with nitrite-degrading activity. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This study revealed that nitrite was produced from nitrate and inhibited the pH-lowering activity of human plaque, which may contribute to caries control. Both nitrite-producing and -degrading activities occurred in human plaque, but no correlation was found between them. Furthermore, nitrite production was enhanced by glucose metabolism, which may function as a self-regulatory mechanism (resilience) to prevent excessive acidification by glucose metabolism. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000540017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T21:15:29Z","timestamp":1721682929000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of Nitrate and Nitrite on Plaque pH Decrease and Nitrite-Producing and -Degrading Activities of Plaque in 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