{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T10:21:43Z","timestamp":1781605303135,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Caries Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This study investigated the effectiveness of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;) varnish compared to sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish for preventing and remineralizing white spot lesions (WSLs) in individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blinded study was conducted with sixty-five adolescents who were selected based on caries activity and then randomized into three parallel groups: G1 (placebo varnish), G2 (5% NaF varnish), and G3 (4% TiF&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt; varnish). Volunteers received varnish application weekly for the first 4 weeks, after 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) months. The measured outcomes included prevention of new WSLs and reversal\/progression of WSLs, assessed by Nyvad and International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) indices, as well as quantitative light-induced fluorescence. \u03c7&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;\/sup&gt;, ANOVA, and Kruskall-Wallis tests were applied. The level of significance was set at 0.05, and post hoc Bonferroni test for &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; values was performed to correct for multiple comparisons. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; 1,274 teeth were included; 70.5% were Nyvad 0, and 29.5% were Nyvad 1, with no differences between the groups at baseline (T0). Regarding ICDAS, 70.5% were ICDAS 0, 21.6% were ICDAS 1, and 7.9% were ICDAS 2. G1 showed an increasing prevalence of WSLs at T1 and maintained stable at T2; G2 exhibited a decline at T2, while G3 experienced a decrease at T1 and T2 (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01). Incidence of WSLs at T2 was 10.2% (G1), 5.6% (G2), and 1.4% (G3). The percentage of teeth initially scored as Nyvad 0 that progressed to Nyvad 1 was 13%, 6.8%, and 1% for G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Conversely, the percentage of teeth initially scored as Nyvad 1 that regressed to Nyvad 0 or Nyvad 2 (T0\u2013T2) was 14%, 49.3%, and 74.4%, respectively (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;lt; 0.001). As for the ICDAS index, regression was observed in 6.5%, 17.8%, and 24%, while progression was observed in 14.9%, 7.7% and 0.9% for G1, G2, and G3, respectively (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;lt; 0.001). Significant differences among the 3 groups for integrated fluorescence loss (mean \u00b1 SD, G1: \u221214.28 \u00b1 9.47, G2: \u221211.10 \u00b1 11.49, and G3: \u22126.77 \u00b1 11.00) were found at T2 (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Both varnishes demonstrated the ability to prevent and remineralize WSLs. However, TiF&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt; varnish exhibited the most effective control over WSLs during the 12-month orthodontic treatment. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000540375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T21:02:59Z","timestamp":1721854979000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effectiveness of Fluoride Varnishes for White Spot Lesion Prevention and Remineralization during Orthodontic Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Samanta Mascarenhas","family":"Moraes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa Ayumi","family":"Koshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thamyris de Souza","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz Martines 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