{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T01:16:12Z","timestamp":1748049372838,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Princ Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Vaccine-associated erythema multiforme (EM) remains under-researched, impacting global vaccine safety evaluations. This study examines the global and regional burden of EM and its association with specific vaccines to optimize vaccination strategies. Subject and Methods: We analyzed data from the WHO pharmacovigilance database on vaccine-associated EM from 1967 to 2023 (n = 131,255,418 reports). Reporting frequencies, reported odds ratios (RORs), and information components (IC) were calculated for 16 vaccines across 170 countries. Results: We identified 6,355 cases (males, n = 3,182 [50.07%]) of vaccine-associated EM from a total of 46,378 reports of all-cause EM. While vaccine-associated EM has been consistently reported, there has been a notable increase in reported incidence particularly in 2010 and 2020. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines had the highest association with vaccine-associated EM reports (ROR: 8.75 [95% confidence interval, 8.11\u20139.44]; IC, 3.10 [IC&lt;sub&gt;0.25&lt;\/sub&gt;, 2.97]), followed by hepatitis B (8.54 [7.66\u20139.51]; 3.06 [2.88]), hepatitis A (8.11 [7.01\u20139.39]; 2.98 [2.74]), typhoid (6.50 [4.75\u20138.90]; 2.60 [2.07]), encephalitis (5.86 [4.35\u20137.91]; 2.47 [1.96]), diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, pertussis, polio, and Hemophilus influenza type b (5.70 [5.42\u20135.99]; 2.46 [2.38]), pneumococcal (5.56 [5.11\u20136.06]; 2.45 [2.31]), rotavirus (4.96 [4.21\u20135.84]; 2.29 [2.01]), varicella-zoster (4.44 [3.99\u20134.95]; 2.13 [1.95]). Vaccine-associated EM reports were more strongly correlated with younger age groups and males. The overall fatality rate of vaccine-associated EM was 0.04%. Conclusions: The rise in vaccine-associated EM across multiple vaccines, especially in younger populations, highlights the need for closer monitoring and more informed vaccination practices to mitigate adverse reactions. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000541797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T16:01:10Z","timestamp":1728057670000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Global and Regional Burden of Vaccine-Associated Erythema Multiforme and Their Related Vaccines, 1967\u20132023: An In-Depth Analysis of the World Health Organization Pharmacovigilance Database"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Seoyeon","family":"Kyung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Rahmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiseung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyeogmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Keon","family":"Yon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209604"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(79)70030-2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.03.092"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000319852"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.12.028"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08418.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17682"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29591"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009286150804200501"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-01895-8"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27631-8"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27424"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8667-7"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1517074"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1995.01690230046008"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18386"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.11.021"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07398.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.100955"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.11.025"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.2146"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400472111"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2016.08.004"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.02.057"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05348.x"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3611"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.06.026"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16666"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16063"}],"container-title":["Medical 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