{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:38:35Z","timestamp":1789659515721,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The long-term effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on body weight has not been sufficiently analyzed. This study aimed to analyze changes in body mass index (BMI) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic among a large pediatric population attending health care clinics. Methods: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study utilized electronic medical data of 106,871 children (52.1% males, median age 8.2 years at pre-pandemic assessment). Each child had at least one BMI measurement recorded pre-pandemic and two additional measurements: one during the pandemic and one post-pandemic. Results: Obesity rates increased from 12.8% pre-pandemic to 15.4% during the pandemic, slightly decreasing to 15.0% post-pandemic. BMI-standard deviation scores (SDSs) increased during the pandemic, in both sexes, across all ages and all socioeconomic position (SEP) clusters, and in children with pre-pandemic underweight or normal weight (all p &lt; 0.001). After pandemic, BMI-SDS decreased but remained above pre-pandemic levels, particularly in younger children (aged 2\u20136 years) and those from low\/medium SEP clusters (all p &lt; 0.001). BMI-SDS continued to increase in children aged 6.1\u201316 years, those of Arab ethnicity, and those in the high SEP cluster. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic correlated with an overall increase in BMI-SDS, which decreased post-pandemic but remained above pre-pandemic levels. Effective policy interventions to prevent pediatric obesity are crucial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000542293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T13:01:04Z","timestamp":1730120464000},"page":"419-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Do Changes in BMI during the COVID-19 Pandemic Persist in the Post-Pandemic Period in a Pediatric Population Attending Health Care Clinics? A Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Shlomit","family":"Shalitin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6616-5612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moshe","family":"Phillip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Yackobovitch-Gavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199911001-00008"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2011.09.010"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-00710-4"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-022-01092-5"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30096-1"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2012.00128.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.09.017"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12316"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.04.007"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00407"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22861"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22996"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1260269"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckac181"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-056552"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09429-3"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12681"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.707773"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-3955(05)70354-0"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2013.00173.x"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7037a3"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12701"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1269076"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13550"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.03.018"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100748"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1449-8"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184091"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1885"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-050123"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290961"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-00912-4"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22917"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061807"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00099228231204481"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.09.025"}],"container-title":["Hormone Research in Paediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/hrp\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000542293\/4306491\/000542293.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000542293","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:01:41Z","timestamp":1776441701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000542293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000542293","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-2818","1663-2826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-2818","type":"print"},{"value":"1663-2826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]}}}