{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:22:33Z","timestamp":1791397353778,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gynecol Obstet Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) in healthy postmenarcheal girls and assess whether it represents a crucial physiological phase in gynecological development. Additionally, it evaluated if an elevated stromal-to-surface area (S\/A) ratio could identify individuals at risk of developing polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Design: This is an observational cross-sectional study. Participants: A total of 302 healthy postmenarcheal girls aged 14\u201318 were included in the study. Setting: The study was conducted at the Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Service of the University Hospital Duilio Casula, Monserrato, University of Cagliari, from 2020 to 2023. Methods: Participants were divided into three groups: normal ovarian morphology (NOM), PCOM with normal S\/A ratio (PCOM-NS), and PCOM with increased S\/A ratio (PCOM-IS). Anthropometric, clinical, hormonal, and ultrasound (US) characteristics were analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of PCOM was 43% (95% CI: 0.37\u20130.49). Among 302 subjects, 171 (57%) exhibited NOM, 90 (30%) showed PCOM-NS, and 41 (13%) had PCOM-IS. The age and years of postmenarcheal life were significantly lower in the PCOM-NS group than in the NOM group. PCOM-NS exhibited a higher waist-to-hip ratio, hirsutism prevalence, and follicle count per ovarian section. PCOM-IS was associated with elevated androgen levels. A significant reduction in the PCOM pattern was observed after the third postmenarcheal year, while the NOM pattern increased significantly beyond 5 years postmenarche. Limitations: The study is limited by its cross-sectional design, which precludes establishing causality. Additionally, the exclusion of certain participants due to technical limitations in US evaluation may introduce selection bias. Conclusions: PCOM may represent a normal physiological phase in ovarian development during early adolescence, predominantly observed in the first 1\u20133 years postmenarche. An increased S\/A ratio could help identify adolescents who may benefit from monitoring for potential PCOS development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000542393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T12:00:55Z","timestamp":1733486455000},"page":"296-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinical and Ultrasound Features of Normocyclic Non-Hyperandrogenic Adolescents in Early Gynecological Life"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Fulghesu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Di Michele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Zangaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Cordella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pittui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Scalise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore Giovanni","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Angioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2020.1852191"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02329-y"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199512000-00024"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0835"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1994.04010054.x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11070437"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00765-2"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.03.008"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.10.008"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.06.015"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem202"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10081816"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13061722"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/19382359-20190729-01"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.07.006"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2010.492886"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(03)01010-0"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-606X.21.04758-4"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02296.x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12514"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02611.x"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13195677"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2013.04.011"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11202"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.10.001"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(01)01919-7"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat024"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det062"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.02.005"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2018.02.126"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000479371"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.05.004"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.02.005"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt061"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-27302011000800013"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead156"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae050"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.03.026"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-21-11-1440"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(85)92552-8"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0134-9"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del306"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp179"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2012.31.7.1015"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.02.024"}],"container-title":["Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/goi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000542393\/4310474\/000542393.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000542393","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T16:06:35Z","timestamp":1754409995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000542393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000542393","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7346","1423-002X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7346","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-002X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]}}}