{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T07:56:17Z","timestamp":1778226977297,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gerontology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Physical function and cognition seem to be interrelated, especially in the oldest-old. However, the temporal order in which they are related and the role of brain health remain uncertain. Methods: We included 338 participants (mean age 93.1 years) from two longitudinal cohorts: the UCI 90+ Study and EMIF-AD 90+ Study. We tested the association between physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery, gait speed, and handgrip strength) at baseline with cognitive decline (MMSE, memory tests, animal fluency, Trail Making Test (TMT-) A, and digit span backward) and the association between cognition at baseline with physical decline (mean follow-up 3.3 years). We also tested whether measures for brain health (hippocampal, white matter lesion, and gray matter volume) were related to physical function and cognition and whether brain health was a common driver of the association between physical function and cognition by adding it as confounder (if applicable). Results: Better performance on all physical tests at baseline was associated with less decline on MMSE, memory, and TMT-A. Conversely, fewer associations were significant, but better scores on memory, TMT-A, and digit span backward were associated with less physical decline. When adding measures for brain health as confounder, all associations stayed significant except for memory with gait speed decline. Conclusion: In the oldest-old, physical function and cognition are strongly related, independently of brain health. Also, the association between physical function and cognitive decline is more pronounced than the other way around, suggesting a potential for slowing cognitive decline by optimizing physical function. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000542395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T17:00:35Z","timestamp":1730912435000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Temporal Relation of Physical Function with Cognition and the Influence of Brain Health in the Oldest-Old"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Nienke","family":"Legdeur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Badissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Venkatraghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davis 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