{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:49:37Z","timestamp":1776444577345,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate is increased in formerly small-for-gestational age singletons and in smaller twins compared to their normal-weight co-twin. Less is known concerning other adrenal hormones. We compared diurnal salivary profiles in monozygotic twins with intra-twin birthweight (bw) differences to analyse the long-term impact of bw and persistent intra-twin auxological differences on various adrenal hormones. Methods: Forty-six monozygotic pre-pubertal twin pairs with bw difference of &lt;1 standard deviation score (SDS) (concordant; n = 29, 13 female) and \u22651 SDS (discordant; n = 17, 6 female) were recruited. At a mean age of 6.9 years, saliva samples were collected (7:00 a.m.\/waking, 1:00 p.m., 6:00 p.m., and 9:00 p.m.) and analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Diurnal salivary concentrations showed significant intra-twin correlations in all twin pairs for nearly all time points: progesterone and androstenedione (4\/4 time points), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (2\/4). However, in the discordant group, mean progesterone differed significantly (p = 0.018) between the smaller (3.27 nmol\/L, SD 3.87) and the larger twin (0.72 nmol\/L, SD 0.42) at 7:00 a.m., and intra-twin differences were observed at 3\/4 time points. Regression analyses of intra-twin differences confirmed that actual hormonal parameters were explained mainly by the co-twin parameter. However, at 6:00 p.m., progesterone concentration of the smaller twin was explained by bw (\u0392 \u22121.102; SE 0.563; p = 0.05) and actual weight (\u0392 0.799; SE 0.327; p = 0.019). Conclusion: The significant correlations within monozygotic twin pairs in all measured hormones at nearly all time points suggest a strong genetic influence on the adrenal axis. Among the discordant twin pairs, we found significant variations in progesterone, suggesting additional long-lasting influence from intrauterine conditions on adrenal hormones with possible metabolic consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000542549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T12:02:14Z","timestamp":1732708934000},"page":"330-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Similarities and Differences in Diurnal Salivary Adrenal Hormones in Monozygotic Twins with Discordant 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