{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:50:59Z","timestamp":1791435059819,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":382,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroendocrinology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases and is associated with a reduced life expectancy of up to 20 years, as well as with other consequences such as unemployment and increased economic burden for society. It is a multifactorial disease, and physiopathology of obesity involves dysregulated calorie utilization and energy balance, disrupted homeostasis of appetite and satiety, lifestyle factors including sedentary lifestyle, lower socioeconomic status, genetic predisposition, epigenetics, and environmental factors. Some endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been proposed as \u201cobesogens\u201d that stimulate adipogenesis leading to obesity. In this review, definition of obesogens, their adverse effects, underlying mechanisms, and metabolic implications will be updated and discussed. Summary: Disruption of lipid homeostasis by EDCs involves multiple mechanisms including increase in the number and size of adipocytes, disruption of endocrine-regulated adiposity and metabolism, alteration of hypothalamic regulation of appetite, satiety, food preference and energy balance, and modification of insulin sensitivity in the liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, gastrointestinal system, and the brain. At a cellular level, obesogens can exert their endocrine disruptive effects by interfering with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and steroid receptors. Human exposure to chemical obesogens mainly occurs by ingestion and, to some extent, by inhalation and dermal uptake, usually in an unconscious manner. Persistent pollutants are lipophilic features; thus, they bioaccumulate in adipose tissue. Key Messages: Although there are an increasing number of reports studying the effects of obesogens, their mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. In addition, epidemiological studies are needed in order to evaluate human exposure to obesogens. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000542901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T17:03:00Z","timestamp":1733245380000},"page":"72-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Obesogens and Energy Homeostasis: Definition, Mechanisms of Action, Exposure, and Adverse Effects on Human Health"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Bayram","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cihan Suleyman","family":"Erdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suleyman","family":"Sandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahrettin","family":"Kelestimur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David O.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00527-y"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.06.004"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010675"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.780888"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crgsc.2020.06.002"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111904"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0176-8"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12551"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60318-4"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038465"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.09.005"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.19.100"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S244761"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/964236"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.102"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.2145"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32129-3"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihaa093"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7633-0"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00458.x"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198802253180802"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2010.05.003"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.172"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.09.009"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes.2018.27.4.203"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.201"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.09.021"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2338-16.2016"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.65"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35007534"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071812-161125"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174611"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.014"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0647-17.2017"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13076"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.3.6544"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5335.135"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2024.101904"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00758-4"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4011"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0798-17.2017"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.002"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.04.022"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4372"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.026609"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2015.00040"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.11.016"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.07.084"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.031"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.011"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.08.069"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4983"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241812"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1437210"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00469"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2016.00063"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.97"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5001-06.2007"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2005.04.012"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200002070-00035"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00163-8"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00063-1"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14080"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.07.004"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1390"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2552-05.2005"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.08.003"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.06.013"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.08.004"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204740"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.09.004"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0179-7_3"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114668"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.190163"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20068"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.07.005"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1265074"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0473-3"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0567"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.10.013"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-221033"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06098"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.05.010"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.01.003"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00947-7"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1099-4"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI140521"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.09.022"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01036"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00223.2009"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1689"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16810"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4861-12.2014"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X20666220420130109"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.06.008"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100393"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07181"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.11.017"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.91294.2008"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.09.045"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000501234"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01482-6"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.55909"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1512693"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/509"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.10.5298"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0428"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.04.012"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(01)80035-0"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35078085"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000184"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.856"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2012.05.010"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.585887"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112704"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-12-22"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011376"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031328"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0556"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI26002"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.130.6.1597158"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.2.147"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-20-09048.2002"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5487.2122"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.05.004"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01308"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.02.066"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2016.1211709"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12122046"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.1435"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldx022"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-021-00414-z"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00863"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000445061"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-010-0096-6"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-019-09521-z"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1422"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-010-0008-8"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2007.07.013"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:14:2:235"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.24.163"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.09.008"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224361"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1010"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.10.022"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2021.111415"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics3040414"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0002"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13010035"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105710"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327112472999"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8062265"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/713696"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0273-8"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9111716"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063350"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2018.05.17"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114241"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23652"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00055"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000438883"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.06.043"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041519"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15551"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2004.03.014"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.039"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106328"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111890"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy052"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2022.107102"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4323"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06427.x"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.306458"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP9321"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2012.06.011"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2023.109292"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0445-3"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107603"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043378"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-03250"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025455"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-014-9258-y"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.03.006"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.05.005"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2006.08.003"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1289"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189772"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.02.045"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-4274(98)00331-2"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334414548224"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114869"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab523"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.206.327"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390701208545"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030311"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038448"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20569"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01135.x"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116222"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08923970500418752"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10753"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165353"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh.2006.21.1.1"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.05.022"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.12.026"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.052"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es405490a"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.09.028"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.56"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413047"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.42"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-017-0240-4"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-007-9049-x"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics7010005"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.02.018"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23062969"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1123"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00740-z"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1122"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00112"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205701"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055387"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1234657"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041158"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031368"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.571731"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2014.04.001"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.948702"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.77.061307.091829"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01344-13"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100814"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32527\/2018\/101373"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2015.03.006"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.104.008409"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1129"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0367"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2009.8"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.95"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00175.2019"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.e486"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi088"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP527"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2015.07.009"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2016.01.005"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03160916"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2007.10.004"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.01.009"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000339032"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-999-4_19"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408188"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-14-0052"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.04.025"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.8.5495"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.12.011"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00348"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-014-0026-8"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121366"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021304"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.02.011"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2005.05.015"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1752-x"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104904"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf3039814"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3651"},{"key":"ref265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/281031a0"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015977"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205502"},{"key":"ref268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103337"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12051075"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113447"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00003.x"},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09640-6"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176241"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901217"},{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2022.114098"},{"key":"ref276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2014.01.016"},{"key":"ref277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.03.046"},{"key":"ref278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.05.020"},{"key":"ref279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2013.07.017"},{"key":"ref280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.03.042"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000509592"},{"key":"ref282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00881"},{"key":"ref283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa170"},{"key":"ref284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12222"},{"key":"ref285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-018-2896-9"},{"key":"ref286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11060368"},{"key":"ref287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2044"},{"key":"ref288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP8795"},{"key":"ref289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2022.04.004"},{"key":"ref290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1734"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111556"},{"key":"ref292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101568"},{"key":"ref293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26498-y"},{"key":"ref294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14091059"},{"key":"ref295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2020.07.004"},{"key":"ref296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00443.2017"},{"key":"ref297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-03941-y"},{"key":"ref298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.002"},{"key":"ref299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-9971-5"},{"key":"ref300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00390-x"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2010.108"},{"key":"ref302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2010.09.009"},{"key":"ref303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113429"},{"key":"ref304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(05)47003-5"},{"key":"ref305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.130.1.1727710"},{"key":"ref306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.155976"},{"key":"ref307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet1066"},{"key":"ref308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.02.009"},{"key":"ref309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2017.10.013"},{"key":"ref310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-22246-y"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1668"},{"key":"ref312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2012-1270"},{"key":"ref313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094807"},{"key":"ref314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0543"},{"key":"ref315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12325"},{"key":"ref316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01480540903390026"},{"key":"ref317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.02.008"},{"key":"ref318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205421"},{"key":"ref319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008x(77)90179-x"},{"key":"ref320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399816666201022121254"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054537"},{"key":"ref322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00068.2023"},{"key":"ref323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1440-0278"},{"key":"ref324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-022-00361-2"},{"key":"ref325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.7.1235"},{"key":"ref326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.089920"},{"key":"ref327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-020-05013-2"},{"key":"ref328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18097\/PBMC20176304306"},{"key":"ref329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193029"},{"key":"ref330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0416"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.02.051"},{"key":"ref332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.03.014"},{"key":"ref333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.09.007"},{"key":"ref334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121201"},{"key":"ref335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.09.008"},{"key":"ref336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113504"},{"key":"ref337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfy078"},{"key":"ref338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-021-00492-z"},{"key":"ref339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7072988"},{"key":"ref340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9882"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-7-27"},{"key":"ref342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00937.x"},{"key":"ref343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.01.005"},{"key":"ref344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2008.041921"},{"key":"ref345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103767"},{"key":"ref346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800003"},{"key":"ref347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174415000033"},{"key":"ref348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205901"},{"key":"ref349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.066720"},{"key":"ref350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-203752"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(00)90012-x"},{"key":"ref352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20229"},{"key":"ref353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800420909151"},{"key":"ref354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15863-6"},{"key":"ref355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2011.03.012"},{"key":"ref356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.01.003"},{"key":"ref357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20560"},{"key":"ref358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115276"},{"key":"ref359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.11.001"},{"key":"ref360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2016.06.052"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390590909715"},{"key":"ref362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104802"},{"key":"ref363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0850"},{"key":"ref364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901480"},{"key":"ref365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159935"},{"key":"ref366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2013.775048"},{"key":"ref367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002502"},{"key":"ref368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11545"},{"key":"ref369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2011.05.014"},{"key":"ref370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1989"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0532-y"},{"key":"ref372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4898-x"},{"key":"ref373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30049-9"},{"key":"ref374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2018.0045"},{"key":"ref375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140537"},{"key":"ref376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2007.07.011"},{"key":"ref377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-1413-8"},{"key":"ref378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000489"},{"key":"ref379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106886"},{"key":"ref380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114685"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.33088"},{"key":"ref382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033509"}],"container-title":["Neuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/nen\/article-pdf\/115\/1\/72\/4308070\/000542901.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/nen\/article-pdf\/115\/1\/72\/4308070\/000542901.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:04:02Z","timestamp":1745420642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000542901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"references-count":382,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000542901","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3835","1423-0194"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3835","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0194","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]}}}