{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T09:48:16Z","timestamp":1781862496315,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Caries Res"],"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the caries-preventive effect of fluoride-free toothpastes, containing either herbal agents or (nano-)hydroxyapatite. Methods: Bovine dentin specimens each having a sound (ST) and a demineralized area (DT) were prepared and randomly allocated to eleven groups (n = 187). Treatments during pH cycling (28 days; 6 \u00d7 120 min demineralization\/day) were brushing 2\u00d7\/day with 0 ppm F\u2212 [NaF<sub>0<\/sub>], 500 ppm F\u2212 [NaF<sub>500<\/sub>], 1,100 ppm F\u2212 [NaF<sub>1100<\/sub>], grape seed extract [GSE], (nano-)hydroxyapatite, melaleuca oil [MO<sub>1<\/sub>, MO<sub>2<\/sub>, MO-CU], and propolis + myrrh [PM<sub>1<\/sub>, PM<sub>2<\/sub>] containing dentifrices. Dentifrice slurries were prepared with deionized water (1:3 w\/w). Differences in integrated mineral loss (\u2206\u2206Z) and lesion depth (\u2206LD) were evaluated before and after pH cycling using transversal microradiography. Results: The correlation between \u0394\u0394Z\/\u0394LD and F\u2212 concentration (NaF<sub>0<\/sub>, NaF<sub>500<\/sub>, NaF<sub>1100<\/sub>) was strong for the DT (r<sub>\u0394\u0394Z, DT<\/sub> = 0.681; p < 0.001) and very strong for ST (r<sub>\u0394\u0394Z, ST<\/sub> = 0.861; p < 0.001), indicating a fluoride dose-response for both baseline substrate conditions. For \u0394\u0394Z<sub>DT<\/sub> and \u0394LD<sub>DT<\/sub>, only NaF<sub>1100<\/sub> and GSE revealed significant differences compared with NaF<sub>0<\/sub> (p < 0.001; ANOVA). For \u0394\u0394Z<sub>ST<\/sub> and \u0394LD<sub>ST<\/sub>, significant differences could be found for NaF<sub>1100<\/sub> and NaF<sub>500<\/sub> compared to all fluoride-free groups (p \u2264 0.002; ANOVA), without significant difference between fluoride-free groups (p = 1.000; ANOVA). For DT and ST, a hypermineralized surface layer and no surface loss could only be observed when fluoride was present. Conclusion: A dose-response for fluoride concentrations was observed in this mild demineralization pH-cycling model. Fluoride-free dentifrices containing GSE or melaleuca oil showed certain preventive effect against further progression of root caries lesions. However, surface loss was observed for all fluoride-free dentifrices. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000542953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T12:00:54Z","timestamp":1734350454000},"page":"255-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fluoride Dose-Response and Anticaries Effect of Herbal Antibacterial Agents and (Nano-)Hydroxyapatite on Dentin Caries: An in vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4239-199X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard 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