{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:49:30Z","timestamp":1759798170037,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a growing group of rarely seen diseases. Various clinical conditions like autoimmunity, lymphoproliferative\/malignant diseases, chronic lung, and gastrointestinal system diseases have been identified which accompanies PIDs besides recurrent infections. However, there is a lack of information about accompanying cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to determine the frequency of cardiovascular diseases and arrhythmias in PID patients. Methods: Forty-eight PID patients and 48 control group patients were included to this single-center, prospective controlled study. All patients underwent resting electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and 7-lead 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram (Holter) monitoring assessed by an experienced cardiologist. Results: Both supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles were found to be statistically significantly higher in patient group in terms of frequency and sustained, non-sustained, and runs compared to control group. The median of total supraventricular extrasystoles was 8 (0\u201365) in patient group which was 0.5 (0\u20134.5) in control group (p &lt; 0.001) while the median of total ventricular extrasystoles was 2 (0\u201345.5) and 0 (0\u20132) in two groups, respectively (p = 0.022). Eighteen patients (37.5%) had supraventricular and\/or ventricular arrhythmias. The patient group had a statistically significantly higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure value compared to control group (20 [16\u201328] vs. 17.5 [15\u201325]; p = 0.036). We found 7 patients had 13 structural heart diseases including second degree or above valve pathologies in patient group whereas none of the control group patients had these diseases (p = 0.013). Conclusion: With the positive findings of higher frequency and risk of arrhythmias and various structural heart diseases, we hope that our study will provide a new perspective on the management of PID patients, contributing positively to their survival and early prevention of cardiovascular comorbidities. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000543381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T12:00:49Z","timestamp":1736424049000},"page":"540-548","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A New Perspective on the Management of Primary Immunodeficiencies: Evaluation of Arrhythmia and Cardiac Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"150","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7984-450X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa Ilker","family":"Inan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"Akgul Balaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmet 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