{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:57:56Z","timestamp":1765961876418,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"Suppl. 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Nutr Metab"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:: Two essential micronutrients over the life course are calcium and iron, and both are especially important during the reproductive cycle. The role of calcium in maternal and offspring bone health and in the prevention of pre-eclampsia in pregnancy are well described, although results from randomised controlled trials for both outcomes vary. Iron is essential for synthesis of red blood cells, being a core component of haemoglobin, which carries oxygen around the body, and hence is key in the prevention of anaemia and sequelae. Summary:: This article reviews the evidence across the reproductive life course for dietary calcium and iron intakes and health outcomes. For calcium, focusing on bone health and prevention of pre-eclampsia, for iron considering its crucial role in foetal and neonatal development and how requirements may be impacted through inflammation and infection, particularly in environments where iron availability may be low.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000543618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T12:01:17Z","timestamp":1744286477000},"page":"45-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Calcium and Iron Nutrition through the Reproductive Life Course"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7034-6750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate A.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Prentice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw131"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2008"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01590-7"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4230-x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119287"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7118.1255"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.2.544"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.2.455"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650111022"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.06.007"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38950.561400.55"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.3.681"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1043"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.037481"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0422-0"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.03.017"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.5.1168"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.83.3.714"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665121000550"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2012.11.018"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.01.004"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.18.6.0319"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422411000187"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3998"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.83.3.657"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29217"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.162"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.02.025"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.06.001"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001059.pub5"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011192.pub3"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17222"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.059923"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00178-4"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00080-8"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3147"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10343"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4121"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4183"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00815-6"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-043021-032816"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004736.pub6"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004736.pub5"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.210146"}],"container-title":["Annals 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