{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:51:39Z","timestamp":1790214699775,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Princ Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: In this study, we assessed the impact of vitamin D (Vit-D) supplementation on cytokine profile in newly diagnosed drug-na\u00efve multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods: We recruited 16 patients with incident MS; those were followed up for 12 months. Serum levels of 25-hydroxy-Vit-D were measured at recruitment and follow-up. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood samples and stimulated with a mitogen in tissue culture to elicit cytokine production. Culture supernatants were tested after 4 days post-culture for levels of pro-inflammatory (TNF-\u03b1, interferon [IFN]-gamma, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10). Results: Baseline blood sample analysis revealed that patients had low Vit-D levels (16.8 [12.41\u201331.4] nmol\/L). Thirteen patients expressed a normal intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (5.5 [4.2\u20136.9]) and were given Caltrate D twice a day; 3 patients having elevated iPTH (mean \u00b1 SD: 12.8 \u00b1 1.5) were prescribed 50,000 IU Vit-D once weekly and Caltrate D twice daily. IFN-\u03b21\u03b1 was prescribed after a confirmed diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS in 13 patients; 3 patients declined immunotherapy. Irrespective of immunotherapy, we observed a gradual and significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and a steady significant decline in ratios of several pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines. The patients with higher pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios were more prone to having relapses. Conclusions: Low Vit-D levels and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in drug-na\u00efve MS patients suggest a potential immune-pathogenic role for hypovitaminosis D in MS development. Vit-D supplementation may exert protective effects by modulating the immune-inflammatory response, emphasizing its therapeutic importance in MS management. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000544106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T12:01:03Z","timestamp":1739361663000},"page":"360-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vitamin D Supplementation Mediates a Shift toward Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Response in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Suhail","family":"Al-Shammri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpita","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Raghupathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00697"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2016.1151072"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000101723.79681.38"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030835"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000085556"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132106"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.05.017"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-5728(01)00431-3"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3940(99)00102-0"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11434"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000054783"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.03.018"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.15.7861"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP7UBK8IBVMVNR"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11071808"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.08.005"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.46.4.907"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.577107"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9846-x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2017.06.030"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02484"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.33.11.1444"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-5728(02)00396-x"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105804"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp033"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030789"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00531"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.23.2832"}],"container-title":["Medical Principles and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/mpp\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000544106\/4337803\/000544106.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000544106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T16:06:08Z","timestamp":1754409968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000544106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000544106","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1011-7571","1423-0151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1011-7571","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0151","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]}}}