{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:13:42Z","timestamp":1792512822462,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The therapeutic efficacy of B-cell-depleting anti-CD20 treatments is well established for children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), thus suggesting that B cells may play an important role in the occurrence of this disease. However, the role of B-cell survival factors and cytokines in SSNS has yet to be fully elucidated. Methods: We used commercially available ELISA kits to determine the serum levels of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) in 84 children with SSNS and 25 healthy controls. Then, we performed correlation analysis between these two serum factors and clinical parameters in children with SSNS. Results: The serum level of BAFF in the relapse group was 1,295.2 \u00b1 584.2 pg\/mL, significantly higher than other groups (p &lt; 0.001). The serum level of APRIL in the relapse group was 2,830.5 \u00b1 945.8 pg\/mL, significantly higher than the other groups (p &lt; 0.001). The proportion (%) of memory B cells was positively correlated with the levels of BAFF and APRIL in children with SSNS (Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient: r = 0.351, p = 0.001; Pearson\u2019s r = 0.234, p = 0.032). The proportion (%) of transitional B cells was negatively correlated with the levels of BAFF (Pearson\u2019s r = \u22120.237, p = 0.030) while the serum levels of IgG were negatively correlated with those of APRIL (Pearson\u2019s r = \u22120.274, p = 0.012). Conclusions: Our data indicate that BAFF appears to play a role in the recurrence of SSNS while APRIL appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of this condition, thus indicating that these molecules represent potential therapeutic targets for SSNS. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000544761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T17:01:19Z","timestamp":1740589279000},"page":"384-391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Serum Levels of B-Cell Activating Factor and A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand in Children with Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hejia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuting","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9724-6493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01051-6"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08570722"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.805697"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015050523"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09430915"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08830185.2016.1276903"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa279"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021060794"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.12.014"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8483650"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140977"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3795"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277800"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05273-8"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.06.013"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20191393"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001180"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010668.pub2"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05175-9"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.122525"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12919"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025687"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.05.017"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40360"}],"container-title":["Nephron"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/nef\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000544761\/4343701\/000544761.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000544761","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T16:04:13Z","timestamp":1751385853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000544761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000544761","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-8151","2235-3186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-8151","type":"print"},{"value":"2235-3186","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]}}}