{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:49:32Z","timestamp":1759798172505,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare cutaneous drug reaction characterized by the sudden appearance of non-follicular sterile pustules on an erythematous background which is accompanied by fever and peripheral blood neutrophilia. While the clinical differentiation between AGEP and common delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reactions, such as maculopapular rash (MPR), is well defined, the pathomechanism, causative drugs, and other possible contributing factors remain poorly studied to date. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, we compared clinical data on suggested causative drugs, drug testing, and comorbidities between a group of 52 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of AGEP (both clinically and histologically) and a group of 63 patients with confirmed MPR. Results: Evaluation of the causative drugs revealed that beta-lactam antibiotics represent the most common culprit drug in both AGEP and MPR, while antimycotics (p = 0.002), glucocorticoids (p = 0.0106) and NSAIDs (p = 0.0064) were significantly more frequent in AGEP. Skin patch tests and in vitro lymphocyte transformation tests (LTTs) showed higher positivity rates in MPR compared to AGEP, with all non-beta-lactam antibiotics tested with LTT leading to negative results in AGEP. A detailed analysis of comorbidities suggested a possible association between diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract and AGEP. Conclusions: This study highlights the differences in causative drugs and comorbidities between AGEP and MPR, emphasizing the need for further research to enhance the understanding and management of AGEP. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000545324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T12:00:45Z","timestamp":1744632045000},"page":"361-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis with Maculopapular Rash in a Swiss Patient Cohort: A Single-Center Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Fr\u00f6hlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Wetzstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjam C.","family":"N\u00e4geli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"K\u00fcndig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Contassot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Meier-Schiesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2011.00845.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2006.02698.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref3","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200304060-00005"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0540-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref5","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1503709"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08156.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.12.022"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref8","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17081214"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref9","DOI":"10.1159\/000529218"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref10","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12502"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref11","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_581_17"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref12","DOI":"10.5070\/d39gk9f1sn"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref13","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12118"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref14","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.2151"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30378-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64486-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref17","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.44"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref18","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22814"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.10.023"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref20","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/260928"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref21","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13434"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1997.tb01017.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref23","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00426"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref24","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2012.702837"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2008.07.185"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03440.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref27","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.152572"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref28","DOI":"10.1007\/s10227-001-0035-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref29","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1997.19582038.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref30","DOI":"10.1159\/000092837"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref31","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14075"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref32","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.923991"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00547.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref34","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02508"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref35","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref36","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.073817"}],"container-title":["Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/drm\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000545324\/4365204\/000545324.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000545324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T16:05:07Z","timestamp":1759766707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000545324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000545324","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.28767887","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1018-8665","1421-9832"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1018-8665"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9832"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]}}}