{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T02:43:18Z","timestamp":1781664198280,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;p&gt;Introduction: To determine threshold concentrations of pollen inducing symptoms in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients has been a challenge for decades. Allergen challenge chambers (ACC) allow a controlled, reproducible experimental design to address this problem. Hitherto, ACCs were only run with high pollen concentrations. Methods: The Fraunhofer ACC was technically modified to deploy very low pollen concentrations. Then, adults with birch pollen-induced allergic rhinitis were challenged with varying birch pollen concentrations using a patient-blinded, sham challenge-controlled, part-randomized, titrate-to-effect clinical study setting. Mean increase in Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) \u22650.55 compared to sham challenge was regarded as minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Further endpoints were nasal secretion weight, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and inflammatory cells from nasal lavage. Results: Fifteen participants with mild to moderate allergic rhinitis participated in the experimental study part (mean age 45 years [22\u201364]; 7 females). Mean TNSS was: 1.08 at 0 pollen\/m3; 1.05 at 10 pollen\/m3; 1.2 at 50 pollen\/m3; 1.74 at 100 pollen\/m3; 1.61 at 200 pollen\/m3; 2.79 at 1,000 pollen\/m3. MCID of TNSS was observed at 100, 200, and 1,000 pollen\/m3. More than half of the study population showed a lack of response at 10, 50, and 200 pollen\/m3. Nasal secretion increased slightly with concentration. No clinically meaningful results could be derived from FeNO and inflammatory cells. Conclusions: The applied technical modification of the Fraunhofer ACC produced stable, low pollen concentrations. Based on mean TNSS data, the threshold concentration for inducing symptoms with birch pollen was 50\u2013100 pollen\/m3. &lt;\/p&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000545509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T12:01:49Z","timestamp":1746532909000},"page":"103-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Determining the Threshold Concentration of Birch Pollen for Inducing Allergic Symptoms Using an Allergen Challenge Chamber"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Nadja","family":"Stru\u00df","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Badorrek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Windt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Straff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conny","family":"H\u00f6flich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2646-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens M.","family":"Hohlfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12947"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(83)90084-2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/pp00032"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000355630"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23090"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2003.01810.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111712"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03381.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10453-021-09709-4"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0335-7457(88)80046-7"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12491"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2010.03498.x"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.284"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1978.tb00474.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8707(68)90053-1"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14957"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0030-6657(07)70491-2"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(74)90066-9"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000545509","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000545509","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T17:02:11Z","timestamp":1770051731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000545509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000545509","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.28937354","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1018-2438","1423-0097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-2438","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0097","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]}}}