{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T04:16:28Z","timestamp":1751429788793,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmologica"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The aims of the study were to determine the effect of retinal zone placement on nonperfusion index (NPI) measurements using ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography (FA) in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and assess its association with disease progression. Methods: The study analyzed retinal periphery zones based on FA findings in 18 eyes without DR to standardize anatomical boundaries. NPI measurements were then conducted on a separate set of 285 eyes with DR. Eyes were grouped by NPI levels, and Cox regression was used to examine the association between nonperfusion in the mid-peripheral and far peripheral retina and progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Results: The retinal zones defined by FA (FA-defined zones) were similar in size to a standard 15-mm radius circle centered on the optic disk (14.98 \u00b1 1.40 mm). However, when compared to circles centered on the fovea, the fovea-centered circles were displaced temporally by an average of 3.94 mm, leading to a significant overestimation of the anatomic nasal far periphery (79.10 \u00b1 13.60 mm2 vs. 36.91 \u00b1 10.52 mm2, p &lt; 0.001). Among the eyes with at least 1 year of follow-up (N = 121, 42.5%), those with medium and high mid-peripheral NPI had a significantly higher risk of progression to PDR (HR, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.36\u20138.70; p = 0.009) when using FA-defined zones. No significant association was found when using fovea-centered zones (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.56\u20133.46; p = 0.476). Conclusion: While the diameter of the retinal measurement zones did not differ significantly, the location of the zone center had a substantial impact on NPI measurements. Using FA-defined zones centered on the optic disk led to lower mid-peripheral and higher far peripheral NPI measurements, providing a more accurate prediction of progression to PDR compared to fovea-centered zone. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000545754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T16:01:39Z","timestamp":1744732899000},"page":"194-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Anatomically Defined Retinal Zones on Ultrawide-Field Fluorescein Angiography Nonperfusion Measurements in Diabetic Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"248","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9168-8685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Rageh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8024-9348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1993.tb04627.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1994.tb02787.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.3130"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.3130"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003479"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.4516"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.034"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.05.024"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002579"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58359-y"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.09.003"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.0440"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.1257"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.5533"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/oph\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000545754\/4365831\/000545754.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000545754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T16:04:17Z","timestamp":1751385857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000545754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000545754","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.28796141","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0030-3755","1423-0267"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0030-3755"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0267"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]}}}