{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T20:38:00Z","timestamp":1768250280145,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cerebrovasc Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;p&gt;Introduction: Ischemic stroke incidence varies significantly with respect to sex and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), a relationship that it is not well understood. Calcification in carotid atherosclerosis is known to impact plaque stability, potentially linked to ischemic stroke. The objective was to assess the in-depth calcification morphometrics within extracranial carotid atherosclerosis, their temporal changes, and associations with sex and CVRFs. Methods: Carotid arteries (n = 144) with confirmed atherosclerosis and mild-to-moderate stenosis from 72 symptomatic patients (Plaque-At-Risk study) with recent ischemic event due to ischemia in the territory of a carotid artery were imaged using multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) at baseline and after 2 years. The lumen, vessel wall, and calcifications were segmented semiautomatically, and the carotid geometries were 3D reconstructed. A comprehensive morphometric assessment of carotid calcifications was performed on the baseline and follow-up scans. We investigated distributions of these metrics and their associations with sex and CVRFs using generalized linear mixed models. Results: Our findings suggest that women have larger (4.5 mm2 [95% CI: 3.2\u20136.2] vs. 3.2 mm2 [95% CI: 2.4\u20134.2]) calcifications, located closer to the lumen (0.6 mm [95% CI: 0.4\u20130.8] vs. 0.9 mm [95% CI: 0.7\u20131.2]) in contrast to men at baseline and follow-up, adjusted for baseline measurements. At the baseline, nonsmokers had larger (5.3 mm2 [95% CI: 3.7\u20137.5] vs. 3.2 mm2 [95% CI: 2.3\u20134.4]) and longer (5.7 mm [95% CI: 4.1\u20137.3] vs. 2.4 mm [95% CI: 1.6\u20133.6]) calcifications than the current smokers. Diabetic patients had thicker (1.1 mm [95% CI: 0.8\u20131.3] vs. 0.8 mm [95% CI: 0.7\u20130.9]) carotid calcifications at baseline. Conclusion: Our in-depth analyses exposed several geometric features of carotid calcifications associated with sex and CVRFs and provided further insight into the pathophysiology of carotid atherosclerosis. &lt;\/p&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000546164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T12:01:36Z","timestamp":1746187296000},"page":"10-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In-Depth Carotid Calcification Morphometrics and Their Temporal Changes Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Recent Ischemic Event: The Plaque At Risk Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Tziotziou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suze-Anne","family":"Korteland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Nies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Nederkoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pim A.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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