{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T17:00:25Z","timestamp":1783789225600,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oncol Res Treat"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;p&gt;Introduction: Screening for anal cancer can help in its secondary prevention. We examined follow-up time for anal cancer screening among high-risk women living with HIV (WLHIV) and whether it varies with the number of risk factors for developing anal cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study involving high-risk WLHIV under 65 enrolled in Medicaid for at least 2 years across 16 US states plus D.C. from 2009 to 2012. High risk was defined by a history of abnormal cervical test results or genital warts. Initial anal cancer screening was the first screening after a high-risk diagnosis, with results classified as normal or abnormal. Follow-up was until the next screening. Follow-up time was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Cox Proportional Hazards model. Results: Our cohort included 4,340 high-risk WLHIV, mean (\u00b1SD) age 41.8 (\u00b110.2) years. About 18% (763\/4,340) had both risk factors, while 9% (374\/4,340) had abnormal results on their initial anal cancer screening. The median time, or the time at which 50% of the cohort received follow-up screening, was 17.53 (95% CI = 16.13, 18.30) months overall. Follow-up screening was more common in women with both risk factors for developing anal cancer compared to those with one risk factor (median time: 10.13 [95% CI = 8.90, 11.47] vs. 19.56 [95% CI = 18.36, 21.40] months; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.53 [95% CI = 1.38, 1.68]). The follow-up was also more common in women with abnormal results on the initial screening compared to those with a normal result (median time: 7.00 [95% CI = 5.40, 9.23] vs. 18.91 [95% CI = 17.92, 20.12] months; aHR = 2.00 [95% CI = 1.76, 2.28]). Conclusion: Follow-up time for anal cancer screening in high-risk WLHIV was about 1.5 years but varied according to the risk of developing anal cancer. Future research should examine the guideline-concordance of follow-up screening time given the recently issued guidelines for anal cancer screening. &lt;\/p&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000546717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T12:01:44Z","timestamp":1748692904000},"page":"704-715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Follow-Up Time of Anal Cancer Screening among Women Living with HIV at High Risk of Developing Anal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Masiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany L.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassam","family":"Dahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April 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