{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:26:16Z","timestamp":1783988776387,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Audiol Neurotol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Temporal bone meningoencephalocele (TB-MEC) diagnosed with or following cholesteatoma is a rare yet complex neurotological scenario. This study aims to characterize the clinical features and treatment strategies to facilitate clinicians\u2019 decision-making and patients\u2019 counseling.\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective case series with a systematic literature review of the past 3 decades. For the literature review, PRISMA guidelines were followed, with articles sourced from PubMed and EMBASE. The study examined demographics, clinical aspects, imaging findings, surgical approaches, and postoperative outcomes.\nResults: We identified 75 cases (n=72 from the literature and n=3 original). The majority of the patients with TB-MEC had prior cholesteatoma surgeries (79%), mostly canal wall down (CWD) mastoidectomy, with a relatively high complication rate (15%) at presentation. TB-MECs were incidentally discovered intraoperatively in 39.5% of the cases. Most (65%) of the preoperatively diagnosed had major defects (&gt;1cm). Tegmen mastoidum was involved in 68%. Surgical treatment employed trans-mastoid approach in 72%, including minor and major defects, whereas middle fossa or combined approaches were reserved for major defects only. Autologous grafts, mainly temporalis fascia, were the primary choice for reconstruction (98%), regardless of defect sizes or surgical approach. Single surgery was mostly sufficient, irrespective of defect size (100% and 93% for minor and major defects), and complications were minimal.\nConclusions: Despite advancements in imaging, TB-MED are still discovered intraoperatively at a substantial rate. High-risk cases are patients with prior complications and multiple past surgeries, mainly CWD. Although previously described complications were ominous, today, a single-stage procedure yields positive outcomes. \n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000546748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T16:00:27Z","timestamp":1749484827000},"page":"1-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Temporal Bone Meningoencephalocele Associated with Cholesteatoma: Systematic Literature Review and a Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Amit","family":"Wolfovitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Shaked","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idit","family":"Tessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"container-title":["Audiology and Neurotology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000546748","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000546748","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T16:00:28Z","timestamp":1749484828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000546748"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000546748","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.29268929","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1420-3030","1421-9700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3030","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]}}}