{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T18:01:28Z","timestamp":1772733688247,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cerebrovasc Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the potential of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for the early diagnosis of the ischemic brain tissue with negative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) results in the model of acute internal carotid artery occlusion (AICAO) in rats. Methods: Fifteen rats were randomly assigned to three groups: the sham group (SHAM, n = 5), the 2-h ischemia model group (CI2H, n = 5), and the 12-h ischemia model group (CI12H, n = 5). In the experimental group, the method of AICAO was adopted to establish a right cerebral ischemia model. After the successful establishment of the model, DWI and MRS scans were first performed, and then the MRS results were recorded. Immunohistochemical analysis of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), neuron-specific enolase, S-100\u03b2 protein, and cytochrome C (CytC) was conducted on paraffin-embedded brain sections, followed by Spearman correlation analysis between relevant parameters and these proteins. Results: Lipid (Lip) levels were lower in the SHAM group compared to the CI2H group (p &lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the SHAM and CI12H groups. Lip was negatively correlated with ZO-1 across all groups (\u03c1 = \u22120.768, p &lt; 0.001). Lactate (Lac) levels were lower in the SHAM group than in the CI2H and CI12H groups (p &lt; 0.05), and Lac was positively correlated with CytC across all groups (\u03c1 = 0.801, p &lt; 0.001). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values on the right side of the brain were lower in the CI12H group than in the SHAM group (p &lt; 0.05), with no significant difference compared to the CI2H group. The level of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) in the CI12H group was lower than that in the SHAM group and the CI2H group (p &lt; 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the level of NAA between the CI2H group and the SHAM group. The Choline (Cho) level in the CI12H group exhibited a statistically significant increase compared to both the SHAM and CI2H groups (p &lt; 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the level of Cho between the CI2H group and the SHAM group. Conclusion: Brain damage in AICAO rats became evident at 2 h after successful modeling. MRS detected brain damage earlier than DWI, with Lac and Lip as the most sensitive markers, preceding changes in NAA, Cho, and ADC values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000547134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T12:03:20Z","timestamp":1751285000000},"page":"164-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detecting Diffusion-Weighted Imaging-Negative Strokes in Rat Models of Acute Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Using Magnetic Resonance 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