{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T09:11:05Z","timestamp":1783588265103,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Haematol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;p&gt;Background: Assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment is an internal component of prognostication and management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A range of assays \u2013 differing in sensitivity, complexity, and clinical application \u2013 are available. As these technologies advance, clinicians face new challenges in selecting and interpreting MRD tests. Summary: MRD testing is essential for risk stratification and treatment guidance in pediatric and adult ALL. Key assay platforms include multiparameter flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for clonal B- or T-cell receptor rearrangements. NGS MRD offers superior detection depth, especially in post-hematopoietic cell transplantation, and post-CAR T-cell therapy. In Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL, persistent BCR::ABL1 may represent non-leukemic clones, warranting the use of lineage-specific assays. While bone marrow remains the standard MRD source, assessment of MRD in blood and cerebrospinal fluid are gaining support in select contexts. MRD assessment in T-cell ALL remains complex due to antigen heterogeneity and infrequent clonal targets. Key Messages: This review provides a practical overview of MRD testing in ALL, comparing available technologies and highlighting clinical implications of assay selection, sensitivity, and sample type. &lt;\/p&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000547423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T16:02:19Z","timestamp":1752336139000},"page":"76-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Complexities of Measurable Residual Disease Assays in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Guide for the Practicing Clinician"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Jerry","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Muffly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.08.014"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024015441"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.03585"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023021752"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.24.00108"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2025.0006"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023023568"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2022.280638"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023009856"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312948"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-022-03448-8"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26949"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34073"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0570-1"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-203138"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2022.05.010"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404586"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0580"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-12-615757"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-201610"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19834"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-150126"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0599-1"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.958673"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25363"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)70082-3"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023023699"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1999.01300.x"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07077-9"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000449"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-21-0095"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-07-726307"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.201053"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-09-806521"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2411680"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31281"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-190624"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2024.0051"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol28020131"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016937"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-141971"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-08-798322"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402636"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004234"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2022.08.004"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01429-4"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.71.4774"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-11-4666"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01714-x"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-01029-9"}],"container-title":["Acta 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