{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T05:38:29Z","timestamp":1770097109631,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Obes Facts"],"abstract":"<p>Introduction: Long-term air pollution exposure is associated with obesity, but its impact on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) distribution remains unclear. This study investigated the association between air pollution and abdominal fat indicators, including total adipose tissue, VAT, SAT, and the visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR), stratified by sex and obesity status based on body mass index (BMI). Methods: A total of 8,912 Korean adults who underwent health checkups at Seoul National University Hospital were included. Abdominal fat was measured using CT scans. Annual average air pollution exposure levels, including particulate matter \u22642.5 \u03bcm in diameter, particulate matter \u226410 \u03bcm in diameter (PM<sub>10<\/sub>), NO<sub>2<\/sub>, SO<sub>2<\/sub>, CO, and O<sub>3<\/sub>, were estimated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Ambient air pollution exposure and abdominal adiposity-related traits were analyzed using multiple linear and logistic regression, stratified by sex. Results: Annual exposure to PM<sub>10<\/sub> and SO<sub>2<\/sub> was positively associated with VAT (PM<sub>10<\/sub>: \u03b2 = 2.29, 95% CI: 0.53\u20134.04, p = 0.01; SO<sub>2<\/sub>: \u03b2 = 4.19, 95% CI: 2.43\u20135.94, p < 0.001) and VSR (PM<sub>10<\/sub>: \u03b2 = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01\u20130.05, p = 0.001; SO<sub>2<\/sub>: \u03b2 = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03\u20130.07, p < 0.001) in men. These associations were stronger in men with high BMI, but no significant associations were found in women. Negative associations with SAT were observed for PM<sub>10<\/sub> (\u03b2 = \u22121.94, 95% CI: \u22123.44 to \u22120.45, p = 0.01) and SO<sub>2<\/sub> (\u03b2 = \u22122.47, 95% CI: \u22123.97 to \u22120.98, p = 0.001) in men and for PM<sub>10<\/sub> (\u03b2 = \u22124.58, 95% CI: \u22127.23 to \u22121.93, p = 0.001) and SO<sub>2<\/sub> (\u03b2 = \u22128.13, 95% CI: \u221210.78 to \u22125.48, p < 0.001) in women. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to air pollutants, including PM<sub>10<\/sub> and SO<sub>2<\/sub>, may have detrimental effects by increasing visceral fat accumulation and reducing beneficial subcutaneous fat, especially in men with obesity. <\/p><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000547452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T16:03:15Z","timestamp":1752854595000},"page":"47-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ambient Air Pollution Is Particularly Associated with Visceral Fat Accumulation in Men: A Large-Scale Korean Adult Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6406-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye-Ryeong","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seo Eun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Moon","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su Hwan","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soontae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Hee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09521-8"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-8-20"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adr0544"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jes.7500530"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.012"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116228"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00411-y"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/151.3_Pt_1.669"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000368783"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21625"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675355"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S150914"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0089-y"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S208115"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-6410-3-13"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.078576"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-022-00842-2"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.07.006"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa024"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.70.1437"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42398-1"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054409"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00014"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370701864797"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200005000-00002"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106383"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-0192"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.23.3003"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114077"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0243-x"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000058"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012143432401"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2011.26.7.906"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900994"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370802304735"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114999"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.215350"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757913917726567"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2011.09.016"}],"container-title":["Obesity 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