{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T01:30:14Z","timestamp":1769131814915,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Azithromycin, with its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, has been explored as a potential option for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Objective: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing azithromycin with placebo for the prevention of BPD in preterm infants. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, &lt;ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\"&gt;ClinicalTrials.gov&lt;\/ext-link&gt;, and Cochrane Central databases were searched for studies comparing azithromycin versus placebo in preterm infants. Outcomes of interest included the composite of BPD and death, BPD, death, grade 2 or higher necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (RoP), duration of mechanical ventilation, and postnatal corticosteroid requirement. Random-effects model was used to generate risk ratio (RR), mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) (CRD42024558752). Results: The meta-analysis included 6 RCTs including 1,360 infants (azithromycin n = 680, 50%). The composite of BPD or death (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.83\u20131.10; p = 0.53; I2 = 50.2%), BPD (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.83\u20131.15; p = 0.77; I2 = 38.1%), death (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.66\u20131.19; p = 0.41; I2 = 0%), NEC (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.69\u20131.26; p = 0.67; I2 = 0%), IVH (RR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.89\u20131.68; p = 0.22; I2 = 3.5%), RoP (RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 0.43\u20134.28; p = 0.61; I2 = 76.3%), duration of mechanical ventilation (MD: 0.13; 95% CI: \u22121.35 to 1.60; p = 0.87; I2 = 0%), and postnatal corticosteroid requirement (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.64\u20131.08; p = 0.18; I2 = 34.5%) were similar between the groups. Conclusion: In preterm infants, azithromycin did not significantly change the risk of adverse clinical outcomes compared with placebo. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000547537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T16:03:07Z","timestamp":1755014587000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Azithromycin for Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Other Neonatal Adverse Outcomes in Preterm Infants: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Meghna","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mrinal","family":"Murali Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4332-8465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Karlinksi Vizentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Provinciatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chidubem","family":"Ezenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25380"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.01.043"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000224819.42729.2e"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.14611"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000239"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.10.014"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2016.05.010"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01613-4"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1161-x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00078-09"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.2001.0884"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02011-12"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-28.1.10"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000363493"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25230"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8040298"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00079-1"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-8-41"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21352"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1107-18"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-318122"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000509462"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.03.003"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181a9eafb"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251810145"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(87)80279-2"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0434"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.84.3.f188"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1112812"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.2132"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad358"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.01.002"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08530-9"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx426"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1159\/000549806","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000}}],"container-title":["Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000547537","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T16:00:34Z","timestamp":1757692834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000547537"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000547537","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.29887031","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1661-7800","1661-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1661-7800","type":"print"},{"value":"1661-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}}}