{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:56:12Z","timestamp":1785902172588,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Princ Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;p&gt;Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate cytokine profiles in patients with both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and bronchial asthma (BA). Methods: We studied 25 patients with RA, 25 with BA, and 25 with both RA and BA (BARA). A respiratory questionnaire was completed by all the patients, they underwent spirometry, and their production patterns of selected T helper (Th)1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines were assessed. Results: BA patients had spirometry findings similar to BARA patients, while RA patients had normal spirometry. BA patients produced significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-5 (p = 0.03) and IL-10 (p = 0.03) than patients with RA. Median levels of IL-17A and IL-17F and interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 were higher (p = 0.001, 0.004, and 0.04) in RA patients than in BA patients. No differences were seen in the levels of cytokines produced by BA patients compared to BARA patients. IL-4 and IL-10 levels were higher (p = 0.04 and 0.03) in BARA patients than in RA patients, while levels of IL-17A and IFN-\u03b3 were higher (p = 0.037 and 0.009, respectively) in RA patients than in BARA patients. Ratios of Th1\/Th2 and Th17\/Th2 cytokines in most combinations were different between RA and BA, and between RA and BARA, but were similar in BA and BARA. Conclusions: Patients with both BA and RA have a Th2-dominant cytokine profile unlike patients with RA alone. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of these diseases and to the management of patients using cytokine-based therapies. &lt;\/p&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000547902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T16:03:09Z","timestamp":1755014589000},"page":"81-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunological Profile of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Asthma"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8743-3752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sana S.","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8325-3537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fawaz Y.","family":"Azizieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeeba A.","family":"Al-Herz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahany E.","family":"Al-Shemary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9478-0404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed R.","family":"Alsaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Raghupathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9710018"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4RU0619-197R"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222010922"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.07.003"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000358622"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.02.010"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.08.260"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S103298"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43481-3"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1006290"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.4.1224"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.53.8.511"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25193"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.117.BJR-2021-0594.R1"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes279"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00046802"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9899.1000e112"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-103019-085803"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.10.596"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aat1604"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.018"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-007-0126-y"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.097741"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.06.022"}],"container-title":["Medical Principles and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000547902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T14:51:21Z","timestamp":1770648681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000547902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000547902","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.29891219","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1011-7571","1423-0151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1011-7571","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0151","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}}}