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Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Innate Immun"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;p&gt;Introduction: Abnormal immune responses are common clinical features in septic patients. \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, as innate immune cells, play an important role in host defense, immune surveillance, and homeostasis. However, the immune characteristics of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in pediatric sepsis remain poorly understood. Methods: In this study, we analyzed single-cell RNA high-throughput sequencing data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pediatric septic patients. Results: It demonstrates that \u03b3\u03b4 T cells exhibit a pro-inflammatory state with heightened immune responsiveness to pathogens in pediatric sepsis, as confirmed by the results of flow cytometric analysis showing elevated Th1 cytokine secretion, increased activation, and a propensity to differentiate into IL-17-producing (\u03b3\u03b4T17) cells during disease progression. Pseudotime analysis identified seven key genes potentially regulating the differentiation of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells to \u03b3\u03b4T17 subtype. Furthermore, cell-cell communication analysis revealed enhanced RETN-CAP1 binding between neutrophils and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in pediatric sepsis, suggesting that neutrophil-derived resistin may promote \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell differentiation into the \u03b3\u03b4T17 subtype via CAP1 receptor binding. Conclusion: This study presents analysis of a single-cell study on the immune status of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in pediatric sepsis, highlighting their pivotal roles in pathogen response, inflammation propagation, and immune regulation. The observed differentiation toward the \u03b3\u03b4T17 subtype may facilitate neutrophil recruitment in this life-threatening condition. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in pediatric sepsis could offer a new theoretical basis for novel therapeutics. &lt;\/p&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000547934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T09:14:48Z","timestamp":1765358088000},"page":"487-502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Pediatric Sepsis: \u03b3\u03b4 T Cell Exhibits a Differentiation to \u03b3\u03b4T17 Subtype along with Significantly Enhanced Cell Communication with 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