{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T07:26:14Z","timestamp":1769844374462,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Airway fibrostenosis, a severe complication of tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB), causes respiratory morbidity including atelectasis, pneumonia, and respiratory failure. Early risk prediction remains challenging due to the lack of validated assessment tools. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed TBTB patients undergoing bronchoscopic interventions between January 2021 and June 2024 with 6-month follow-up. A Cox regression model was developed in all 305 patients, internally validated with 1,000 bootstrap resamples. Performance was evaluated via C-index, ROC-AUC, calibration, and decision curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to stratify groups, with log-rank tests assessing differences. Results: Airway fibrostenosis incidence was 60.33% (184\/305). Eight independent predictors were identified: symptom duration, affected lung lobes, diabetes, multiple TBTB types, bronchoscopic intervention frequency, initial sputum acid-fast bacilli smear grade, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and CD8+ T-cell count. The nomogram demonstrated strong discrimination (C-index 0.77, 95% CI: 0.75\u20130.81) with increasing predictive accuracy over time: 6-week AUC 0.773 (0.708\u20130.838), 8-week 0.792 (0.740\u20130.844), 12-week 0.830 (0.782\u20130.878), and 16-week 0.883 (0.842\u20130.923). High-risk patients exhibited a significantly higher probability of developing airway fibrostenosis compared to low-risk patients (p &lt; 0.001). Calibration and decision curve analyses confirmed clinical utility. Conclusion: This validated nomogram effectively predicts airway fibrostenosis risk in TBTB patients, enabling early identification of high-risk individuals for targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000548355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T16:01:07Z","timestamp":1757952067000},"page":"22-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict Airway Fibrostenosis in Tracheobronchial 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