{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T17:02:35Z","timestamp":1775149355850,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Cytologica"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: This study aimed to elucidate the spectrum of clinical manifestations, cytomorphology, immunophenotype, and the molecular genetic features of lymphoblastic lymphoma\/acute lymphoblastic leukemia (LBL\/ALL) in the context of serous effusions (SE). Methods: A retrospective analysis evaluated the cytomorphological features, immunophenotype, and the cyto-histological correlations of twenty-one LBL\/ALL associated with SE. Concurrently, bone marrow (BM) aspiration samples were analyzed using an integrated approach, including flow cytometry, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS), or whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS). Results: Of the 21 cases of SE LBL\/ALL, 16 cases were T-LBL\/ALL and 5 cases were B-LBL\/ALL. The cases included 17 pleural, 2 peritoneal, and 2 pericardial fluid samples. Both T-LBL\/ALL and B-LBL\/ALL in SE exhibit a blast-like morphology, characterized by small to medium size, irregular nuclear membranes, and inconspicuous nucleoli, alongside frequent nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic bodies. LBL\/ALL express immaturity markers such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (7\/17, 41.2%), CD10 (6\/12, 50%), CD43 (8\/8, 100%), and CD99 (6\/6, 100%). T-LBL\/ALL and B-LBL\/ALL specifically express T-cell markers (CD2 [3\/6, 50%], CD3 [10\/12, 83.3%], CD5 [2\/11, 18.2%], CD7 [10\/10, 100%]) or B-cell markers (CD20 [3\/5, 60%], CD79a [4\/4, 100%], PAX5 [5\/5, 100%]), respectively. A high proportion of primitive and immature lymphocytes exceeding 25% in BM was observed in T-LBL\/ALL (5\/7) and in one case of B-LBL\/ALL. No BCR\/ABL gene rearrangements were detected in any cases. Furthermore, fusion gene MLL::ENL and PLCALM::MLLT10, as well as mutations in genes including WT1, NOTCH1, PAX5, IKZF, ARID1A, BCOR, SETD2, ARID2, TET2, JAK3, NF1, and CEBPA, were identified in LBL\/ALL through RT-PCR, NGS, or WTS analyses. Conclusion: The integration of clinical manifestations, cytological evaluation, and gene expression profiles is instrumental in achieving accurate diagnosis, subclassification, and prognosis of LBL\/ALL within the context of SE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000548726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T16:00:45Z","timestamp":1759161645000},"page":"223-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Cytomorphology, Immunophenotype, and Molecular Genetics of Lymphoblastic Lymphoma\/Leukemia in Serous Effusion"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peizhen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0269-400X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20432"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12515"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24197"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.615080"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-021-01168-x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24729"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-024-06151-7"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2024.100466"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12006"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-022-03448-8"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29926"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173792"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-12063-6"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010805"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16078454.2024.2423324"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-10378-w"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21584"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24772"}],"container-title":["Acta Cytologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000548726","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:02:24Z","timestamp":1775145744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000548726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000548726","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.30230866","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0001-5547","1938-2650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5547","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]}}}