{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T11:46:57Z","timestamp":1773402417281,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more prevalent in men than women, and the exact explanation for this is unknown. The aims of the present study were to explore the prevalence and predictors of OSA in men and women with a focus on clinical characteristics, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and serum biomarkers. Methods: Between 2016 and 2018, 2,401 patients with suspected OSA underwent respiratory polygraphy and completed questionnaires on medical history (i.e., CVD). Height, weight, blood pressure, and blood samples were collected. OSA was classified according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): no OSA (AHI &lt;5), mild (5\u201314.9), moderate (15\u201329.9), and severe OSA (\u226530). When dichotomized into no OSA vs. OSA, OSA was defined as AHI \u226515. Cardiometabolic risk factors included obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Results: The prevalence of OSA was 36.2% (n = 868). There were 77.4% (n = 672) men in the OSA group. The prevalences of overall CVD, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were comparable between women and men with OSA. A dose-dependent increase in the number of cardiometabolic risk factors according to the OSA severity grade was observed both in women and men. Patients having none or 1 cardiometabolic risk factor tended to have either no OSA or mild OSA, while patients with 2 cardiometabolic risk factors were more likely to have mild to moderate OSA. Patients with \u22653 cardiometabolic risk factors (53.3%) had mainly moderate or severe OSA, equally represented between women and men. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, independent predictors of OSA were age and BMI in both sexes, smoking, hypertension, and excessive sleepiness in men, and estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 mL\/min\/m2 in women. Conclusions: More than half of patients with OSA had features of metabolic syndrome, evenly distributed between men and women. This requires strict control of cardiometabolic risk factors in both sexes. There were different predictors of OSA in men and women. This highlights a possible sex difference in the pathophysiology of OSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000548872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T17:00:50Z","timestamp":1765472450000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and Predictors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Men and Women from an Outpatient Clinic Cohort: Focus on Clinical Characteristics, Cardiovascular Disease, and Serum Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Romarheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ragnhild Stokke","family":"Lundetr\u00e6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingvild West","family":"Saxvig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sverre","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn","family":"Bjorvatn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahrai","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2022.2081547"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.160952"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-016-0584-2"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71141-7"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(25)00002-5"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000656"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab264"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000988"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.3.9911064"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.02.006"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.11.003"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2024.108170"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.02.011"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.6.1113"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000728"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-017-1482-9"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-015-1155-5"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14425"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00132577-200512000-00018"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041179"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01110-2022"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/abc.20170031"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14277"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020340"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-021-01604-8"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64848-x"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3690"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.1.50"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.10.003"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2021.10.1.57"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115483"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.09.005"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/mrm.2020.470"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-086515"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.09.115"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0030-2019"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.025"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.12.042"}],"container-title":["Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000548872","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T17:00:53Z","timestamp":1768237253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000548872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000548872","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-6312","1421-9751"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-6312","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9751","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]}}}