{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:03:04Z","timestamp":1789506184429,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfus Med Hemother"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;p&gt;Background: Mesenchymal stromal\/stem cells (MSCs) may be a useful therapy for severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Methods: Patients who developed steroid-refractory grade II-IV acute GVHD were randomly assigned to treatment with one infusion of third-party 2 \u00d7 10 E6\/kg bone marrow (BM)-MSCs (n = 12) or placebo (n = 11). The median cell dose applied was 2.2 \u00d7 10 E6\/kg (range 1.7\u20134.2). The median age was 37 and 47 years in the two groups (p = 0.24), respectively. Results: At day 28, the BM-MSC group had six (50%) complete responders and 2 patients (17%) with a partial response. In the placebo group, the corresponding figures were three (27%) complete and three (27%) partial responders (p = 0.68). Transplantation-related mortality (TRM) 100 days after treatment was 17% in the BM-MSC group and 27% in the placebo group. At 1 year, TRM was 33% and 36% in the two groups, respectively (p = 0.59). The 100-day survival rate was 83% in the BM-MSC group and 73% in the placebo group. Five-year survival in all patients was 42% and 45% in the two groups, respectively (p = 0.87). Conclusion: Although only a few patients were included in the trial, a single dose of BM-MSCs did not seem to be an effective therapy for steroid-refractory acute GVHD. &lt;\/p&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000549174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T16:02:12Z","timestamp":1761321732000},"page":"121-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prospective Double-Blind Randomized Study of Single Dose Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells versus Placebo for Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-Versus-Host 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