{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:20:32Z","timestamp":1788877232576,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestion"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: It is plausible but not yet proven that early celiac disease diagnosis prevents long-term complications of untreated disease. Our aim was to compare phenotype and health outcomes in currently adult celiac disease patients diagnosed either in childhood (&lt;18 years) or adulthood. Methods: Data on 1,059 patients were collected from medical records at diagnosis and with questionnaires and structured interviews after long-term follow-up. Associations between timing of diagnosis and long-term health were studied with regression models. Results: Patients diagnosed in childhood (n = 239) were more often males (32% vs. 23%, p = 0.004), currently younger (27 vs. 54 years, p &lt; 0.001), more often screen-detected (20% vs. 14%, p &lt; 0.001), and reported lower adherence to gluten-free diet in adulthood (92% vs. 97%, p &lt; 0.001) than those diagnosed in adulthood (n = 820). After adjusting for clinico-demographic variables and dietary adherence, patients diagnosed in childhood had fewer miscarriages (odds ratio 0.41 [95% confidence interval: 0.21\u20130.80]) but more allergies (1.75 [1.11\u20132.76]), dermatological diseases excluding dermatitis herpetiformis (1.99 [1.11\u20133.58]), asthma (2.28 [1.16\u20134.48]), and depression (2.84 [1.24\u20136.50]) in adulthood. The groups were comparable in other comorbidities including type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroidal diseases, persistent symptoms, and quality of life. Conclusion: Diagnosis in childhood compared to adulthood was associated with disease phenotype and its effects on long-term comorbidities are complex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000549568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T17:01:06Z","timestamp":1764694866000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characteristics and Long-Term Prognosis of Celiac Disease: Comparisons between Patients Diagnosed either in Childhood or Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Koskimaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuli","family":"Nurminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teea","family":"Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heini","family":"Huhtala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5046-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katri","family":"Kaukinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4757-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalle","family":"Kurppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kivela\u0308","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.923502"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.12.023"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1858"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081950"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.194"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.05.034"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640614561668"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1305"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14468"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-9-49"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.10.011"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.05.046"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01111.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850170801"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.08.010"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9060611"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199910000-00019"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000016885"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619900077"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618778386"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0000000000002675"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1008841022998"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609095544"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-016-0211-8"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/mejdd.2021.215"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2006\/470273"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01977.x"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-012-0198-9"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.13003"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.07.057"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520500206277"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey214"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13200"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10385.x"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4321-0"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.12.1076"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.10.079"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1590-8658(00)80354-0"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-019-00474-2"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12692"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.03.012"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618811485"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ecrj.v2.24642"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.119557"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00538-7"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.10.021"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.08.018"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010142"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15437"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.11.007"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2221"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14991"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2019.109787"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081718"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000341416"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2019.12.014"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2022-000914"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-021-07231-8"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311574"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16912"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655202761020542"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2010.496491"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314863"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00872-2"}],"container-title":["Digestion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000549568","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T17:00:36Z","timestamp":1767805236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000549568"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000549568","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.30760790","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0012-2823","1421-9867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-2823","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]}}}