{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T03:58:46Z","timestamp":1768449526786,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Rep Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing autoimmune demyelinating disease, characterized by severe attacks of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Distinguishing true relapses from infection-related pseudo-exacerbations is essential, particularly in immunosuppressed patients where clinical presentations may be atypical. Case Presentation: An 83-year-old woman with AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD and Parkinson\u2019s disease presented with acute visual loss and altered mental status, initially suspected to represent a relapse. Empirical intravenous corticosteroids were administered, but her condition worsened with new hallucinations. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed no new demyelinating lesions. Urinalysis and culture confirmed a urinary tract infection due to Klebsiella oxytoca. Corticosteroids were discontinued, and antibiotic therapy initiated, leading to resolution of mental status changes and a return to baseline vision. Follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination confirmed stability without new inflammatory activity. Conclusion: Urinary tract infection can masquerade as an NMOSD exacerbation, complicating diagnosis in elderly immunosuppressed patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000549954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T17:00:50Z","timestamp":1765472450000},"page":"47-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urinary Tract Infection Masquerading as a Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Exacerbation: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjana","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safa","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Abdelsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70216-8"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17551-X"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00431-8"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1900866"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31817-3"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000549954","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T17:00:46Z","timestamp":1768410046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000549954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000549954","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.30846305","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1663-2699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-2699","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]}}}