{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:20:00Z","timestamp":1787592000471,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Cytologica"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Cytological evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is essential for the diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric neoplasms. However, its interpretation remains challenging, particularly due to the lack of a standardized classification system. The aim of this study was to review the institutional experience in the analysis of CSF samples from pediatric oncology patients and to propose a structured cytological classification model. Methods: This was a retrospective study analyzing 3,479 CSF samples from 466 patients aged 0\u201319 years. Samples were reclassified according to a six-category system based on morphological criteria (nondiagnostic, hemorrhagic, negative for malignancy, inflammatory\/reactive, atypia of undetermined significance, positive for malignancy). Results: Most samples (89.2%) were classified as negative for malignancy. Samples positive for malignancy accounted for 2.6%, while 2.0% presented atypia of undetermined significance\/suspicious for malignancy and 0.4% showed inflammatory or reactive changes. Hemorrhagic and nondiagnostic samples represented 5.6% and 0.2%, respectively. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most frequent underlying diagnosis (46.6%). Conclusion: This study proposes a practical CSF cytological classification model, based on the experience of a pathology laboratory specialized in pediatric oncology. The proposed standardization may contribute to enhance diagnostic consistency, improved clinicopathological correlation, and support the development of future guidelines in pediatric CSF cytopathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000550122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T17:00:43Z","timestamp":1766163643000},"page":"375-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cerebrospinal Fluid Diagnosis in Pediatric Oncology: A Model of Cytopathological Classification"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Karina Munhoz de Paula Alves","family":"Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hercilio Fronza","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary Aparecida","family":"Camilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila Barbosa","family":"De Souza Balsimelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindielly Ribeiro","family":"Dzevieski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Louise","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Henrique","family":"Condeixa de Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Roesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0503-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 C\u00e2ndido","family":"Caldeira Xavier-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802395-2.00035-3"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.55187"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdad002"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.5.PEDS09333"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.13340"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2023-0506-OA"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-53314-0.00014-6"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1079796"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/joc.joc_107_22"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12659"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13030438"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1742-6413.114212"}],"container-title":["Acta Cytologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000550122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T16:04:18Z","timestamp":1780934658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000550122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000550122","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5547","1938-2650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5547","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]}}}