{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:52:34Z","timestamp":1787017954897,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) preferentially occurs in male patients and controversial results in gender-specific differences including overall mortality have been reported. Methods: The INSIGHTS-IPF registry was a non-interventional, prospective cohort study including IPF patients from 20 interstitial lung disease expert centers in Germany. Sex-related disparities were analyzed regarding comorbidities, clinical course, and survival. Results: Of the 1,043 IPF patients included, 842 (80.7%) were male and 201 (19.3%) were female. Male patients were more likely to have a history of smoking (p &lt; 0.001) and environmental exposure, especially metal dust, wood dust, and solvents (p = 0.032). While males at baseline had a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, emphysema, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, in females, gastro-esophageal reflux disease and depression or depressive disorders were more frequent. Female IPF patients had more frequently a history of immunosuppressive therapy (p = 0.003). Regardless of gender, the INSIGHTS-IPF cohort as a whole showed a progressive worsening of lung function parameters over time. All-cause mortality did not differ between females and males (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.63\u20131.04; p = 0.093) and female gender was not a significant predictor for mortality in IPF (HR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.54\u20131.03; p = 0.071). Interestingly, the GAP score underestimated the observed 2-year and 3-year mortality in females in GAP stage II. Conclusion: In the German INSIGHTS-IPF registry, no differences in lung function decline and survival could be observed between female and male patients with IPF, indicating differences between IPF cohorts from the USA and Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000550309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T17:01:03Z","timestamp":1771261263000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sex Differences in IPF: Data from the German INSIGHTS Registry"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Leuschner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7336-7458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antje","family":"Prasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Klotsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kreuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Wirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1136-2616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Pittrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Frankenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Behr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the INSIGHTS-IPF registry Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202202-0399ST"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01653-2015"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2023-220887"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-0994-4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.713698"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.02.009"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004018"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-94575-0"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12828-8"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000518008"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-10-201205150-00004"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2013-000010"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00217614"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1327244"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2111053"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00165207"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-213968"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02340-8"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02279-2019"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201503-0562OC"}],"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000550309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T17:01:29Z","timestamp":1774285289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000550309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000550309","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.31332472","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7931","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]}}}