{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:13:55Z","timestamp":1790187235354,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestion"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment in alleviating visceral hypersensitivity with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been established. Abnormal bile acid metabolism and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression are recognized as potential contributors to visceral hypersensitivity in IBS. This study as a preclinical study of IBS visceral hypersensitivity explored the potential of EA to reduce visceral hypersensitivity in rats with IBS by improving bile acid metabolism and FXR expression. Methods: Heterotypic intermittent stress (HIS) for 9 days was used to induce visceral hypersensitivity in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). EA\/sham EA bilateral ST36 and LR3 acupoints began on the 5th day of HIS. Electromyography of the abdominal external oblique muscle and calcitonin gene-related peptide were used to assess colonic hypersensitivity. Colonoscopy and histopathological examination were used to evaluate pathological changes in the colon. Bile acid composition was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, while FXR expression in colon tissue was quantified through immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results: HIS induced visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-C rats. EA not only regulated bile acid levels in the feces of IBS-C rats, but also had a downregulatory effect on the overexpression of FXR in the colon tissue of rats with IBS-C. The therapeutic effects were better than those of the sham EA. EA treatment alleviated visceral hypersensitivity in the colon of IBS-C rats. Conclusion: Our data suggested that EA normalized colonic bile acid signaling and FXR protein expression in an IBS-C rat model, offering a mechanistic hypothesis for future clinical evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000550560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T17:00:53Z","timestamp":1770310853000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Electroacupuncture-Regulated Bile Acid Metabolism and Farnesoid X Receptor Expression in Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rat: A Preclinical Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5997-6537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ShiYuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XiaoYu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ZhengYang","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XiaoYu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YangShuai","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XiangHong","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JianHua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LiXia","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.16484"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.11.023"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15466"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.02.029"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2006.00873.x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30469-4"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-018-0476-7"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.83"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-015-0070-9"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01450-5"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023394"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072173"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-018-1068-5"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.0310"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56132-4"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm17137"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.918701"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05829-8"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1400143"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.119"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i45.7153"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.08.051"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-01053-z"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-038X.2025.03.01"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001036"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S421134"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2017.07.017"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3479"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.392"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1960"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154653"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2025.111207"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.04.017"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.16067"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2022.01039"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-009-9972-1"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0062-4"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00644"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800935RR"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00576.2006"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59051-x"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210238"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00847-x"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071732"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17811"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-021-00348-0"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X18500763"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-023-00733-9"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67702-2"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04001-4"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1097-2765(03)00104-7"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.01.055"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.07.011"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.08.008"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00059.2021"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.271155"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.09.055"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118256"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22123"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00112"}],"container-title":["Digestion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000550560","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T17:01:15Z","timestamp":1774371675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000550560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"references-count":60,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000550560","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-2823","1421-9867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-2823","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]}}}