{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:21:04Z","timestamp":1787908864097,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Rep Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The aim of the study was to describe the favorable clinical outcomes of 2 patients with acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) following penetrating keratoplasty (PK), successfully managed with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) 0.08% monotherapy. Cases Presentation: Both patients developed recurrent AK after PK, confirmed by microbiological testing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Standard dual therapy with PHMB 0.02% and propamidine isethionate 0.1% was either ineffective or poorly tolerated due to ocular surface toxicity. Transition to PHMB 0.08% monotherapy resulted in marked clinical improvement, resolution of keratitis, and substantial visual recovery. At follow-up examination 9 months postoperatively for case 1 and 12 months postoperatively for case 2, both patients demonstrated clear corneal grafts with no signs of AK recurrence. Conclusion: PHMB 0.08% as monotherapy proved effective in managing recurrent AK after keratoplasty, achieving favorable anatomical and visual outcomes without recurrence during our follow-up period. These findings suggest that PHMB 0.08% monotherapy may serve as a viable alternative to conventional dual therapy, particularly in cases complicated by treatment intolerance or treatment failure. Further studies with larger cohorts and extended follow-up are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000551097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T17:00:44Z","timestamp":1772125244000},"page":"327-332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Monotherapy with PHMB 0.08% as \u201cSwitch Treatment\u201d in Complex Cases of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Report of Two Cases"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Eleftherios","family":"Chatzimichail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Stasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Steinemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Blaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zisis","family":"Gatzioufas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10030323"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(92)31994-3"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002315"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31829a689e"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.09.031"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000001092"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000551097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:01:03Z","timestamp":1776096063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000551097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000551097","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.31388959","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1663-2699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-2699","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]}}}