{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T16:10:02Z","timestamp":1784218202880,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Vitamin- and iron-containing medicinal preparations are widely perceived as safe; however, hypersensitivity reactions may pose diagnostic challenges. Standardized diagnostic pathways for suspected hypersensitivity are limited. This study aimed to compare pharmacovigilance-based causality assessment tools with allergist-defined clinical outcomes in patients evaluated for suspected hypersensitivity to vitamin- and iron-containing preparations. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in 40 patients referred to a tertiary allergy center for suspected adverse reactions to vitamin- or iron-containing medicinal preparations. Demographic characteristics, index reaction features, diagnostic testing results, and clinical outcomes were collected. Causality classifications using the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) system and the Naranjo algorithm were compared with allergist-defined final evaluations. Results: The cohort was predominantly female (97.5%) and atopic. Iron-containing products were most commonly implicated (40%), followed by B complex vitamins (27.5%) and combined formulations (12.5%). Most reactions reflected type B hypersensitivity (67.5% immediate; 10% delayed). Diagnostic testing was feasible in 82.5% of patients, and confirmed hypersensitivity was uncommon (10%), with most reactions classified as probable or nonallergic. In a subgroup analysis restricted to single-agent exposures, delayed or probable allergic reactions were more frequent with vitamin B preparations than iron (p = 0.03), and vitamin B complex products were also among the most frequently contraindicated or withheld pending diagnostic testing. WHO-UMC and Naranjo showed significant correlation (\u03c72 = 74.7, p &lt; 0.001), with fair categorical agreement (\u03ba = 0.28) and strong rank correlation (\u03c1 = 0.78). Concordance with allergist-defined clinical outcomes was weak (WHO-UMC \u03ba = 0.09; Naranjo \u03ba = 0.18). Conclusion: Immunologically mediated hypersensitivity to vitamin and iron preparations appears uncommon in this tertiary allergy cohort. Pharmacovigilance-based causality assessment tools and allergist-led diagnostic evaluation demonstrate complementary but non-interchangeable roles, highlighting the importance of clinical verification in hypersensitivity reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000551105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T17:00:33Z","timestamp":1771952433000},"page":"822-841","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Validation of Pharmacovigilance Algorithms in Suspected Hypersensitivity to Vitamin and Iron Preparations"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"187","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0274-5917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reyhan","family":"Gumusburun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinem","family":"Inan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatice 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