{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:54:18Z","timestamp":1777870458565,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"abstract":"Introduction: Osmanthus fragrans flower is a highly popular edible flower due to its long-lasting aroma. Although it has been reported to possess multiple activities, no study has focused on its effects on mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (Mrgpr)-mediated mast cell activation. Methods: The ethanol extract of O. fragrans flower (OFE) was prepared and analyzed by the NaNO<sub>2<\/sub>-Al(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>-NaOH colorimetric method and HPLC. Compound 48\/80 (C48\/80) was used for activating Mrgpr signaling. Supernatant \u03b2-hexosaminidase level was assayed by using the fluorescence probe 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-\u03b2-D-glucosaminide. The levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+ (<inline-formula><mml:math id=\"m1\" xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>Ca<\/mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced close=\"]\" open=\"[\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">c<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msubsup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/inline-formula>) and intracellular mitochondrial Ca2+ (<inline-formula><mml:math id=\"m2\" xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>Ca<\/mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced close=\"]\" open=\"[\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msubsup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/inline-formula>) were determined by fluorescence probes Fluo-3 AM and Rhod-2\/AM, respectively. The Ca2+ level outside the mitochondria was indicated by the fluorescence probe Calcium Green-5N. C48\/80-induced vascular leakage, scratching behavior, and hypothermia models were used for evaluating the in vivo effects of OFE. Results: The highly water-soluble flavonoid-rich OFE significantly inhibited C48\/80-induced degranulation in LAD2 cells and primary rat peritoneal mast cells. It could rapidly and reversibly decrease <inline-formula><mml:math id=\"m3\" xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>Ca<\/mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced close=\"]\" open=\"[\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">c<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msubsup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/inline-formula> level independent of the activation of Mrgpr signaling. Among the four classical pathways responsible for <inline-formula><mml:math id=\"m4\" xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>Ca<\/mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced close=\"]\" open=\"[\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">c<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msubsup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/inline-formula> removal, OFE failed to affect plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, sarco\/endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase, and Na+\/Ca2+ exchanger, but promoted the uptake of <inline-formula><mml:math id=\"m68\" xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>Ca<\/mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced close=\"]\" open=\"[\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msubsup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/inline-formula>. In vivo, OFE alleviated C48\/80-induced vascular leakage, scratching, as well as hypothermia. Conclusion: This study indicates, for the first time, that OFE is a mast cell stabilizer. It decreases <inline-formula><mml:math id=\"m5\" xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>Ca<\/mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced close=\"]\" open=\"[\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">c<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msubsup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/inline-formula> to suppress mast cell degranulation by directly enhancing <inline-formula><mml:math id=\"m69\" xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>Ca<\/mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced close=\"]\" open=\"[\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msubsup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/inline-formula> uptake. These findings may unveil a potential medicinal value of O. fragrans flower as a promising candidate for relieving mast cell activation-related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000551184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T17:00:35Z","timestamp":1772298035000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Osmanthus fragrans Flower Ameliorates Compound 48\/80-Induced Pseudo-Allergic Reactions in vitro and in 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