{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:45:23Z","timestamp":1790185523937,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: This study aimed to characterize the allergen sensitization pattern among children with atopic dermatitis (AD) in Hangzhou, China, and to investigate the impact of COVID-19 restriction measures on these patterns. Methods: In this retrospective study of 8,797 children with AD, we analyzed specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) results. We assessed sensitization prevalence and intensity, and used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate independent associations, including restriction phase (pre-, during-, post-), while adjusting for age, gender, and season. Results: The overall sensitization prevalence was 73.2%. House dust mite was the dominant sensitizer (45.6%), with the highest median sIgE level (19.05 IU\/mL) and proportion of high-level sensitization (73.65%). Restriction measures were independently associated with a sharp decline in risk for most inhalant allergens during the restriction phase (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.36\u20130.45), followed by significant post-restriction recovery (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73\u20130.90). In contrast, house dust mite sensitization risk increased post-restriction (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21\u20131.47). Food allergen sensitization showed a delayed, pronounced decline post-restriction (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.44\u20130.54). Male gender and increasing age were confirmed as independent risk factors. Furthermore, distinct seasonal fluctuations were observed, with a higher risk of sensitization to various inhalant allergens during autumn and winter. Conclusion: The allergen sensitization profile in Hangzhou is distinct and heavily dominated by house dust mite. COVID-19 restriction measures were independently associated with divergent, allergen-specific shifts, highlighting the profound influence of environmental and behavioral factors. These findings advocate for dynamic, region-specific management and inform public health planning for allergic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000551204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T17:00:40Z","timestamp":1771952440000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Shifting Patterns of Allergen Sensitization in 8,797 Children with Atopic Dermatitis during the COVID-19 Restriction Measures: A Retrospective Study from Hangzhou, China"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3635-789X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinmin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiazhen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongqin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103206"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6913e2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14090898"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2013.5.3.162"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201910-1923ED"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112150-20240701-00524"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.04.020"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0383-4"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2010.06.003"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084130"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.14848"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v92i2.10953"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2018.12.002"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01027.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35541\/cjd.20191000"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021055"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27536"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2012.03.001"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13769"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03954.x"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.08.035"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000551204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T16:00:48Z","timestamp":1776873648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000551204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000551204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.31397913","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1018-2438","1423-0097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-2438","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0097","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]}}}