{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T16:56:14Z","timestamp":1781283374819,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a leading cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Given RA\u2019s high prevalence, a physician-independent screening tool is needed. This study aimed to develop a patient-based, cost-effective questionnaire for RA-associated ILD (RA-ILD). Methods: A 26-item ILD symptom questionnaire was evaluated, adapted, and validated in two steps. Missing data were handled via multiple imputation. Step one involved item and principal component analyses in a multicenter cohort of ILD patients and healthy controls. Internal consistency was measured with McDonald\u2019s omega, and score differences assessed with independent t tests and Cohen\u2019s d. Step two validated the questionnaire in monocentrically recruited anti-citrullinated protein antibodies- and rheumatoid factor-positive RA patients without prior pulmonary exams. RA-ILD was defined as abnormal lung ultrasound across 14 intercostal spaces with forced vital capacity or DLCO &lt;80% predicted. ROC, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Results: Step one included 174 ILD patients (46% female, mean age 62 \u00b1 13, mean score 39 [95% CI: 35\u201343]) and 67 controls (49% female, mean age 59 \u00b1 12, mean score 8 [95% CI: 4\u201312]). Internal consistency was excellent (\u03c9 = 0.93). Scores differed significantly (t = \u221211.71, p &lt; 0.001, d = 1.36). Step two included 105 RA patients (76% female, mean age 59 \u00b1 12, mean disease duration 9 \u00b1 6 years, mean score 14 [95% CI: 10\u201317]); 11 were suspected of RA-ILD (mean score 18 [95% CI: 8\u201328]). A cut-off of 7.5 points yielded ROC 0.58, sensitivity 70.3%, specificity 47.7%, positive predictive value 13.6%, and negative predictive value 93.2%. Conclusion: The questionnaire demonstrated potential as a physician-independent, low-cost RA-ILD screening tool suitable for routine clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000551381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T16:01:04Z","timestamp":1779206464000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Physician-Independent Screening for Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case-Control and Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Robin","family":"Tiede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Reichenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Fischinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schwaiblmair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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