{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T16:57:26Z","timestamp":1781024246237,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychobiology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: One-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit low-grade inflammation as reflected by C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations &gt;3 mg\/L. We explored whether CRP changes from baseline to week one of antidepressant treatment (\u0394CRP) can serve as a marker of treatment response. Methods: CRP serum levels were measured at baseline and after the first week of treatment in 33 MDD patients and correlated with patients\u2019 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), while adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index. We assessed antidepressant responses at weeks one and four of treatment as a &gt;25% and &gt;50% HAM-D score reduction (\u0394HAM-D) compared to baseline, respectively. We compared baseline and week-one CRP levels with the paired t test within responders and nonresponders separately and \u0394CRP between the groups with the ANCOVA. Results: Higher \u0394CRP correlated with lower week-four \u0394HAM-D scores (r = \u22120.5, p = 0.006). Nonresponders showed higher \u0394CRP \u2013 but not baseline and week-one CRP \u2013 than responders (p = 0.018, Cohen\u2019s d = 1.1). A \u0394CRP increase was observed in 13\/16 (81%) nonresponders and 7\/17 (41%) responders (Fisher\u2019s exact test\u2019s p = 0.03). A \u0394CRP increase combined with a week-one nonresponse was observed in 13\/16 (81%) nonresponders and 1\/17 (6%) responders (p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: Rather \u0394CRP at week one than baseline CRP might be indicative of treatment response at week four, especially if combined with week-one \u0394HAM-D. In the future, \u0394CRP could be introduced into psychiatric practice to guide treatment plans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000551623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T16:00:56Z","timestamp":1774886456000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Increase in C-Reactive Protein Levels during Antidepressant Treatment as a Candidate Marker for Treatment Nonresponse in Major Depressive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Marius Solon","family":"Etzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yevgenia","family":"Rosenblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Dresler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5977-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Steiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Mikoteit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Zeising","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.1.28"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.10018"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12959"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.03.026"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.049"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18091360"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2024.06.008"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.07.032"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.66"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181907c1b"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.07.079"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.04.003"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.06.080"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2022.100427"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00072"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S114542"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-019-0168-5"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2017.06.008"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2018.1471618"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.10.020"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.01.023"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.06.016"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420968912"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000148980.87579.5E"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.06.001"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2023.1282242"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.10.012"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20060947"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.2185"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0632-1"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.013"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.07.023"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.08.014"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.07.017"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000437439"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000551623","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T16:00:58Z","timestamp":1781020858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000551623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000551623","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.31878367","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0302-282X","1423-0224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-282X","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]}}}