{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:55:17Z","timestamp":1790286917176,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy can be associated with the development of bullous pemphigoid (BP). To characterize clinical, histological, and serological characteristics, we compared immune-related bullous pemphigoid (irBP) and spontaneous bullous pemphigoid (sBP) considering clinical, serological, and histopathological character. Methods: 149 BP patients treated at the University Hospital Zurich between 2015 and 2024 were identified retrospectively. Demographic and serological data were obtained from electronic records. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained biopsies were semi-quantitatively evaluated for immune cell infiltrates, split formation, and infiltration patterns. Results: From the total of 149 cases, 17 were irBP and 132 were sBP. Patients affected by irBP were predominantly males (94%), females were slightly overrepresented in sBP (51.5%) and BP was less often suspected at presentation (59% vs. 85% in sBP). Anti-BP230 antibodies were more frequently elevated in sBP (64.4% vs. 23.5% in irBP). Histologically, irBP cases showed denser eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltrates, as assessed by semi-quantitative scoring. Conclusion: irBP differs from sBP by showing denser immune-infiltrates, lower rates of elevated anti-BP230 antibodies and predominantly affect males. These observations suggest that irBP represents a distinct subtype and highlight the need for diagnostic awareness in the setting of ICB therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000552077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T16:00:35Z","timestamp":1776528035000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Clinical and Histological Analysis of Bullous Pemphigoid: Immunotherapy-Associated versus Spontaneous Onset Cases"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Thilo","family":"Gwerder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Dummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kuendig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jivko","family":"Kamarachev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5411-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Kraehenbuehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1703481"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16071440"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16070935"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.02.009"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17855"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.05.045"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.011"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11102856"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.16169"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12366"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00552-7"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.1624"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.1912"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1068978"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.008"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.21836"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12859"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09300.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19313"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.045"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S376845"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17111845"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16428"}],"container-title":["Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000552077","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:42:27Z","timestamp":1782844947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000552077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000552077","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8665","1421-9832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8665","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]}}}