{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:22:02Z","timestamp":1789662122199,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Obes Facts"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Obesity heterogeneity by sex and age is crucial for precise risk stratification. Limited phenotyping obscures sex-specific risks and contributes to diagnostic and treatment disparities. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 1,014 adults with obesity (68% women; median age 50) from four Madrid Obesity Centers using a digital pathway (OB-DigiThum) including anthropometry, bioimpedance, biomarkers, and comorbidity screening. Fat mass (FM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) were normalized to body surface area (FM\/BSA; SMM\/BSA). Participants were stratified into four predefined sex and age-groups (female &lt;50, female \u226550, male &lt;50, male \u226550). Multidimensional phenotyping was performed using discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering applied to standardized group-level mean profiles. Results: Women had higher FM\/BSA and lower SMM\/BSA than men (p &lt; 0.001), highlighting BMI\u2019s limitations. With age, women\u2019s BMI fell despite stable\/increasing fat due to muscle loss (sarcopenic risk). Men showed more cardiometabolic disease overall, but post-menopausal women experienced sharp rises in type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Psychological distress was more frequent in women; bulimic behaviors appeared in younger men. Physical inactivity was common; Mediterranean diet adherence was relatively strong, especially in participants aged \u226550 years. The four sex- and age-stratified profiles showed distinct patterns in body composition, metabolic risk, and psychological burden, supporting differential risk stratification across groups. Conclusion: Sex and age strongly shape obesity phenotypes. Post-menopausal women face accelerated metabolic deterioration and sarcopenia. FM\/BSA and SMM\/BSA enhance risk profiling. Sex- and age-tailored metabolic, physical, and mental health screening should guide personalized management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000552187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T16:01:07Z","timestamp":1778256067000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multidimensional Phenotyping of the OB-DIGITHUM Cohort of 1,014 Adults with Obesity across Four Sex- and Age-Stratified Profiles"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Clotilde","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Montoya-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jersy","family":"C\u00e1rdenas-Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdana 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