{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T16:46:55Z","timestamp":1782406015646,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Rep Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The distinction between neurodegenerative and autoimmune causes of rapidly progressive dementia can be challenging, particularly when atypical Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) biomarkers are present. We present a case of anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) autoimmune encephalitis (AE) initially misdiagnosed as AD due to concordant clinical, imaging, and biomarker findings. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old woman developed progressive memory decline, apathy, and stereotyped paper-folding behavior over 2 years. She was diagnosed with rapidly progressive AD and treated with donepezil and memantine without improvement. Initial workup showed hippocampal neurodegeneration on magnetic resonance imaging\/MRS and elevated plasma phosphorylated tau181, tau217, and GFAP \u2013 consistent with an AD biomarker profile. Neurological examination later revealed bilateral pyramidal signs. Re-evaluation identified serum anti-mGluR5 antibodies. Treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin led to marked improvement in cognition and behavior within 2 weeks. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that anti-mGluR5 AE can manifest with a biomarker profile highly suggestive of AD, leading to prolonged misdiagnosis. It underscores the importance of considering AE in treatment-refractory or atypical dementia, even in the presence of supportive AD biomarkers, and highlights the potential for significant recovery with timely immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000552205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:03:20Z","timestamp":1777392200000},"page":"280-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti-Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Autoimmune Encephalitis with a Typical Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Biomarker Profile: A Case of Rapidly Progressive Dementia Unresponsive to Cholinesterase Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yazhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianghao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-3271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605241248050"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200137"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.837376"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000552205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T16:01:00Z","timestamp":1782403260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000552205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000552205","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.32073069","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1662-680X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-680X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]}}}