{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T04:39:30Z","timestamp":1787200770204,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Early identification of neurodisability and delay after preterm birth is critical for timely intervention. Term-equivalent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (36\u201344 weeks) is widely used for prognostication, and earlier MRI (&lt;36 weeks) may offer additional value. Methods: To provide a comparative diagnostic test accuracy synthesis of early versus term-equivalent MRI for motor and non-motor neurodevelopmental outcomes, incorporating advanced imaging modalities including volumetric and diffusion measures, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to January 22, 2026. PRISMA-DTA guidelines were followed with PROSPERO registration (CRD42024528207). Studies enrolling preterm infants (&lt;37 weeks) undergoing both early and term-equivalent MRI with neurodevelopment assessment between 12 and 36 months were included. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed bias risk. Meta-analysis used a Bayesian bivariate random-effects model pooling diagnostic metrics for the presence of lesion, intraventricular haemorrhage, white matter injury, and cerebellar haemorrhage. Results: Of 3,249 records screened, 30 studies met inclusion. Term-equivalent MRI lesion presence (diagnostic odds ratio [DOR] = 14.17 vs. 2.67; sensitivity 84% vs. 76%; specificity 73% vs. 45%) and white matter injury (DOR = 5.92 vs. 2.20; sensitivity 65% vs. 52% and specificity 76% vs. 67%) demonstrated superior predictivity than early MRI. White matter injury at term best predicted motor outcomes (DOR = 18.43). Volumetric and diffusion measures improved predictive accuracy, especially for cognitive outcomes. Heterogeneity in MRI protocols, biomarker definitions, and outcomes limited comparability, and the modest study number reduced precision. Conclusion: Term-equivalent MRI offers higher predictivity than early MRI. Standardised scoring and multimodal integration are needed to optimise early risk stratification in preterm populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000552875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:00:56Z","timestamp":1780675256000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Early and Term Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Preterm Infants: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Systematic Review and Bayesian 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