{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:22:34Z","timestamp":1790630554431,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver Cancer"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the advent of novel systemic therapies that provide high response rates, such as lenvatinib, atezolizumab-bevacizumab, durvalumab-tremelimumab, and nivolumab-ipilimumab, treatment strategies for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have markedly evolved, and discussions on conversion therapy \u2013 which, broadly speaking, combines these systemic therapies with locoregional modalities \u2013 have become commonplace. However, the term \u201cconversion therapy\u201d has not yet been clearly defined, making it difficult to compare treatment outcomes among studies. To address this issue, the Japan Liver Cancer Association established a consensus-based \u201cWorking Group on the Definition of Conversion\u201d as an official project of the association. The working group comprised experts in hepatobiliary surgery, hepatology, and radiology, with a rapporteur responsible for drafting and revising the definitions. The group proposed standardized definitions for \u201cconversion surgery,\u201d \u201cneoadjuvant therapy,\u201d and \u201cablation as conversion therapy,\u201d while recommending that transcatheter arterial chemoembolization should not be classified as conversion therapy due to its limited curative potential. The definitions also introduced two key concepts: functional conversion (based on the hepatic functional reserve) and oncological conversion (based on the tumor status). Adoption of these definitions is expected to facilitate appropriate evaluation of pretreatments and outcomes of conversion therapy. Ultimately, these efforts are expected to contribute to refining clinical decision-making, providing a common framework for guideline development and future clinical studies, and improving the outcomes of multidisciplinary treatments for advanced HCC; however, further validation is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000552928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T16:00:57Z","timestamp":1781020857000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Definition of Conversion Therapy and Neoadjuvant Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Consensus Guideline from the Japan Liver Cancer Association"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Ichida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3021-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Tateishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3407-1918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etsuro","family":"Hatano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5238-3678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akinobu","family":"Taketomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2018-0008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Nouso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7146-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasunori","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7782-548X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takamichi","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1255-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuo","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8734-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30207-1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1915745"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/evidoa2100070"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(25)00403-9"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02575-3"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000531820"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.15454"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.16623"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2957\/kanzo.66.369"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-09974-0"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-022-06803-7"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2021.01091"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i47.8069"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn-21-328"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338231159718"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000546360"}],"container-title":["Liver Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000552928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:01:06Z","timestamp":1785254466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000552928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":16,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000552928","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-1795","1664-5553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-1795","type":"print"},{"value":"1664-5553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]}}}