{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T17:02:05Z","timestamp":1785862925481,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ORL"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: This study aimed to determine the frequency of intubation-related laryngeal granulomas (ILGs) after surgery under general anesthesia and identify risk factors, with a focus on tube type and duration. Methods: A single-center prospective cohort (November 2012\u2013September 2013) of adults undergoing elective surgery expected to last at least 5 h with intubation was conducted. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy was performed on the day after extubation and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Candidate variables included tube type (single lumen vs. double lumen [DLT]), intubation duration, Cormack-Lehane grade, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), gastroesophageal reflux disease, body mass index, sex, and age. Associations were evaluated using univariate tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Forty patients were analyzed (median age, 73 years; 19 men). Cardiovascular surgery accounted for 25 of 40 cases (62.5%); DLTs were used in 6 of 40 (15.0%) and TEE in 22 of 40 (55.0%). Mucosal changes (erythema\/white plaque) were observed on day 1 in 18 of 40 patients (45.0%). ILG was detected at 1 week in 10 of 40 patients (25.0%), including nine after cardiovascular surgery. Eight of 10 cases (80%) resolved spontaneously by 1 month, whereas 2 of 10 (20%) enlarged and required 2 months of inhaled steroid therapy, with complete resolution by 3 months. Univariate analysis revealed that both intubation duration \u226513 h (p = 0.014) and DLT use (p = 0.026) were significantly associated with ILG. In multivariable analysis, intubation duration \u226513 h (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 10.697, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.639\u201369.828; p = 0.013) and DLT use (aOR: 14.521, 95% CI: 1.531\u2013137.680; p = 0.020) were independent risk factors. Conclusion: In this cohort, ILG was detected in 25% of patients at 1 week post-extubation and typically resolved within 1 month. Prolonged intubation and DLT use were independently associated with increased ILG risk. High-risk patients \u2013 particularly those with prolonged intubation or DLT exposure \u2013 may benefit from selection of the smallest appropriate DLT when required and targeted laryngoscopy within 1 month. These findings should be interpreted cautiously, given the small sample and single-center design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000553227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T16:00:30Z","timestamp":1781971230000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk Factors for Intubation-Related Laryngeal Granulomas: A Prospective Study in Surgical Patients"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Wada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Machiko","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Oridate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7162\/S1809-97772012000200014"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0892-1997(99)80015-0"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198809000-00012"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(99)70150-6"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5546\/aap.2017.e315"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989411100411"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21403"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.4.877"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489418790348"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.07.074"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0034-70942006000200011"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000164800750000504"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2013.08.013"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215100144147"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.3186"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199902000-00021"}],"container-title":["ORL"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000553227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T16:00:57Z","timestamp":1785859257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000553227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"references-count":16,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000553227","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.32747415","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0301-1569","1423-0275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-1569","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]}}}