{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:30:32Z","timestamp":1786984232308,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Since IMpower133 and CASPIAN phase 3 trials, chemoimmunotherapy has become the first-line systemic treatment for advanced-stage small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). We conducted a study on the long-term efficacy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on advanced-stage SCLC patients who initiated treatment with first-line carboplatin-etoposide-atezolizumab between January 2018 and December 2022 at the University Hospitals Leuven. Follow-up data were collected until February 2025. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for estimating survival outcomes, and Cox regression models were used to assess the association between baseline clinical characteristics (age, ECOG Performance Status, metastatic sites, s-albumin, s-lactate dehydrogenase, s-C-reactive protein, s-NSE, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], modified Glasgow Prognostic Score [mGPS], and Lung Immune Prognostic Index [LIPI] score) and survival outcomes. Results: A total of 74 patients were included. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.8 months (95% CI: 4.5\u20135.0), and median overall survival (OS) was 11.5 months (95% CI: 8.9\u201314.6). The 1-, 2-, and 5-year PFS and OS rates were 16.2% (95% CI: 8.9\u201325.5), 9.5% (95% CI: 4.2\u201317.4), and 8.1% (95% CI: 3.3\u201315.7) and 47.3% (95% CI: 35.6\u201358.1), 18.9% (95% CI: 11.0\u201328.5), and 8.9% (95% CI: 3.2\u201318.2%), respectively. In multivariable analysis, bone metastasis (HR 2.21; 95% CI: 1.26\u20133.87), age (+1 year, HR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00\u20131.07), s-NSE &gt;250 \u03bcg\/L (HR 4.55; 95% CI: 2.13\u20139.72), and s-albumin \u226535 g\/dL (HR 0.49; 95% CI: 0.25\u20130.99) were significantly associated with OS. During induction phase, chemotherapy dose reduction and discontinuation occurred in 31% and 8%, respectively. Overall, immune-related adverse events occurred in 21 patients (28%), leading to discontinuation of atezolizumab in 7 patients (10%). Conclusion: Our study provides long-term safety and efficacy outcomes of first-line chemoimmunotherapy in a real-world cohort of advanced-stage SCLC. In multivariable analysis, we found that baseline conventional biomarkers (age, bone metastasis, s-albumin, and s-NSE) did significantly predict OS, while systemic inflammation scores (NLR, mGPS, and LIPI) did not.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000553352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:30:51Z","timestamp":1783009851000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-World Long-Term Efficacy of Chemoimmunotherapy in Advanced Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Arne","family":"Peeters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0115-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Els","family":"Wauters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Wauters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolien","family":"Van 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