{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:32:03Z","timestamp":1786984323710,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Kidney Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are crucial in managing proteinuria in chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet individual responses vary. Whether urinary glucose excretion, a direct pharmacodynamic marker of SGLT2is, could predict proteinuria reduction efficacy remains unclear and has not been specifically investigated. Methods: We enrolled 277 CKD patients treated with empagliflozin (10 mg\/day) between July 2024 and September 2025 at a single center, stratifying them into low (&lt;46.4 mmol\/L, n = 69) and high (\u226546.4 mmol\/L, n = 208) urinary glucose groups by 24-h urinary glucose levels after 3 months of treatment. We evaluated changes in proteinuria levels following 3 and 6 months of medication across the different urinary glucose groups. Changes in laboratory values over time were analyzed using paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Proteinuria was significantly reduced at both 3 (\u22120.42 g\/24 h [95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22120.55 to \u22120.32]) and 6 months (\u22120.46 g\/24 h [95% CI: \u22120.61 to \u22120.33]) after treatment initiation. After adjusting for covariates, urinary glucose excretion predicted proteinuria reduction from 3 to 6 months (\u03b2 = 2.47, 95% CI: 0.49\u20134.45, p = 0.015), with higher urinary glucose correlating with greater proteinuria decline. The high urinary glucose group had significant proteinuria reduction from baseline at 3 and 6 months (p &lt; 0.001), unlike the low group. Following propensity score adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors use, the high urinary glucose group had a significantly higher relative risk of \u226530% proteinuria reduction (risk ratio = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.20\u20136.65, p = 0.017), particularly in patients with baseline proteinuria \u22651 g\/24 h. Urinary glucose concentration was weakly positively correlated with 6-month eGFR change (r = 0.17, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Urinary glucose concentration can serve as a predictor of SGLT2i-mediated proteinuria reduction, providing a practical clinical reference for personalized CKD management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000553450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T16:01:11Z","timestamp":1784044871000},"page":"759-771","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urinary Glucose Concentration as a Predictor of Proteinuria Reduction in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Treated with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xueqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9571-760X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheyi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangmei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8586-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangyan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa329"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204233"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.013"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00055.2009"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0448"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30314-0"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60111821"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2215286"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005081"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm.2018.02.021"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000501081"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14360"}],"container-title":["Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000553450","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:00:52Z","timestamp":1786982452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000553450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000553450","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.32981543","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2296-9381","2296-9357"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-9381","type":"print"},{"value":"2296-9357","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]}}}