{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:25:30Z","timestamp":1788279930416,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Children born small for gestational age (SGA) account for approximately 5% of the newborn population. Although most experience spontaneous catch-up growth during early childhood, up to 10% remain short beyond 2\u20134 years of age and are classified as having SGA with persistent short stature (SGA-SS). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been approved for the treatment of SGA-SS for more than 2 decades, and numerous clinical trials and real-world observational studies have confirmed its efficacy in improving childhood growth and adult height. However, treatment response is highly variable and likely reflects the heterogeneous aetiology of SGA-SS, ranging from intrauterine environmental influences to genetic and epigenetic determinants of growth. Over the past 40 years, large international drug-specific registry programs (KIGS, GeNeSIS, NordiNet IOS, ANSWER, PATRO, NCGS, and ECOS) have provided invaluable data on the long-term safety and efficacy of individual rhGH therapies, including thousands of patients with SGA-SS and extended follow-up. Summary: Safety outcomes across registries consistently demonstrate a low incidence of serious adverse events, with no excess metabolic or oncological risk compared with background population rates. With the increasing availability of next-generation sequencing, genetic diagnoses can now be identified in a substantial proportion of children with SGA-SS, opening new avenues for stratified treatment approaches. Key Messages: Future research should focus on defining genotype-specific growth responses, optimizing treatment regimens, and integrating next-generation patient databases such as GloBE-Reg to enhance long-term surveillance in the era of conventional and long-acting GH preparations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000553457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:03:39Z","timestamp":1783440219000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Growth Hormone Therapy in Children Born Small for Gestational Age with Persistent Short Stature: Lessons Learned from Real-World International Databases and Directions for Future Research"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3385-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sona","family":"Samvelyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0689-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. 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